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. 2023 Sep 29;14:1255819. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255819

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Copyright © 2023 Subburaj and Agapito-Tenfen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of various pulsing voltage on the protoplasts morphology, viability, and cell division efficiency following electro-transfection. Left panel: representative images of electroporated protoplasts after 24 h are shown. Middle panel: the merged fluorescence images (under bright and fluorescence field using Axio Vert.A1 inverted microscope with a × 20 objective) showing the FDA-stained viable cells after 24 h of electroporation. Right panel: images showing primary divisions (shown by black arrows) of electroporated protoplasts at 4 days after culture initiation. FDA, fluorescein diacetate.