Fig. 2.

Effect of the drug loading method in the exosomes drug loading efficiencies for selected nutraceuticals. IN and MR exosomes drug loading methods with different exposure times were analyzed for RV, RA, PT and EG. We observed that the combination of IN and MR (IN/MR conditions) significantly increases the drug loading in exosomes in all cases. Pairwise comparisons with P value less than 0.05 are displayed with asterisks and lines (*; P value less than 0.05, **; P value less than 0.01). Samples were incubated at 25 °C. In the case of samples exposed to MR, temperatures of 28.3 and 37.9 °C were registered for 5 and 10 s of MR exposure respectively. EG; Epigallocatechin gallate IN; Incubation, MR; Microwave radiation, PT; Pterostilbene, RA; Rosmarinic acid, RV; Resveratrol, SD; standard deviation.