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. 2023 Jul 20;83(20):3442–3461. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-1337

Figure 1.

Figure 1. Moderate/high-dose (8 Gy) brain irradiation induces cognitive deficits and delay in L/M in surviving neonates. A, Overall design of studies evaluating effects of age and apoptosis inhibition on xRT-induced NI and neural cell death. B, Overall survival of mice treated with 8 Gy CT-guided, whole-brain irradiation. C, xRT-induced changes in body weight. D and E, A/E as well as Mot was assessed using the open field test at 30 (D) and 60 (E) days after treatment. F, Rearing behavior (A/E, Mot) assessed at indicated number of days after treatment. G and H, A/E and Mot was assessed by counting crossings (G) between light and dark chamber and time spent in light chamber (H) at indicated number of days after treatment. I and J, Mot was assessed by rotarod test at indicated number of days after treatment by counting number of falls (I) and latency to first fall (J). K, Y maze was used to assess L/M at indicated number of days after treatment by timing the duration of animal exploration of novel arm of maze. L, NORT was used to assess L/M by testing the ability of the animal to discriminate between novel and familiar objects at indicated number of days after treatment. M, D/D was assessed using the tail suspension test by timing the duration of animal immobility (freezing) during a 5-minute test period. N, Neurobehavioral composite scoring indicates the significance of differences in indicated behavior types at indicated time after xRT. O, Histology of brain sections of indicated regions 60 days after 8 Gy xRT. Scale bars, 100 μm. P and Q, Overall survival (P) and weight (Q) of mice irradiated at P3-P6 with indicated dose of CT-guided brain xRT. Unless otherwise specified, each point on charts represents results from one animal in that treatment group, averaged over the number of tests performed as described in Materials and Methods. Unless otherwise specified, comparison between groups was conducted by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak post hoc multiple comparisons test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, nonsignificant.

Moderate/high-dose (8 Gy) brain irradiation induces cognitive deficits and delay in L/M in surviving neonates. A, Overall design of studies evaluating effects of age and apoptosis inhibition on xRT-induced NI and neural cell death. B, Overall survival of mice treated with 8 Gy CT-guided, whole-brain irradiation. C, xRT-induced changes in body weight. D and E, A/E as well as Mot was assessed using the open field test at 30 (D) and 60 (E) days after treatment. F, Rearing behavior (A/E, Mot) assessed at indicated number of days after treatment. G and H, A/E and Mot was assessed by counting crossings (G) between light and dark chamber and time spent in light chamber (H) at indicated number of days after treatment. I and J, Mot was assessed by rotarod test at indicated number of days after treatment by counting number of falls (I) and latency to first fall (J). K, Y maze was used to assess L/M at indicated number of days after treatment by timing the duration of animal exploration of novel arm of maze. L, NORT was used to assess L/M by testing the ability of the animal to discriminate between novel and familiar objects at indicated number of days after treatment. M, D/D was assessed using the tail suspension test by timing the duration of animal immobility (freezing) during a 5-minute test period. N, Neurobehavioral composite scoring indicates the significance of differences in indicated behavior types at indicated time after xRT. O, Histology of brain sections of indicated regions 60 days after 8 Gy xRT. Scale bars, 100 μm. P and Q, Overall survival (P) and weight (Q) of mice irradiated at P3-P6 with indicated dose of CT-guided brain xRT. Unless otherwise specified, each point on charts represents results from one animal in that treatment group, averaged over the number of tests performed as described in Materials and Methods. Unless otherwise specified, comparison between groups was conducted by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak post hoc multiple comparisons test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, nonsignificant.