Fig. 7.

Comparison of the newly formed bone areas between the three groups at different locations in the defect site at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. (A) central area (2.5 mm × 0.8 mm), (B) peripheral area on both sides (1.25 mm × 0.8 mm × 2), (C) top side (5.0 mm × 0.4 mm), and (D) bottom side (5.0 mm × 0.4 mm) of the defect were measured from the entire calvarial bone defect using ImageJ. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001. The columns and error bars in the graph represent the mean and SD (n = 3), respectively. ns: not significant.