Table 5.
Effects of heat stress on the plasma proinflammatory cytokines and the guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) intervention effects in broilers.
| Treatment1 |
P value3 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items2 | NC | HS | PF | HG | ANOVA | T test |
| Heat exposure for 7 d | ||||||
| IL-2 (ng/L) | 39.83 ± 5.46 | 48.54 ± 7.83 | 37.78 ± 4.64 | 71.07 ± 6.90 | 0.242 | 0.870 |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 95.46 ± 11.61b | 177.16 ± 16.14a | 118.23 ± 7.31b | 156.00 ± 6.12 | 0.001 | 0.120 |
| TNF-α (ng/L) | 45.94 ± 1.37b | 62.40 ± 3.61a | 59.44 ± 5.40a | 62.75 ± 6.47 | 0.027 | 0.539 |
| Heat exposure for 14 d | ||||||
| IL-2 (ng/L) | 63.08 ± 3.85a | 49.26 ± 2.78b | 62.78 ± 5.39a | 74.24 ± 3.39* | 0.048 | 0.011 |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 141.86 ± 1.25 | 174.41 ± 14.58 | 157.82 ± 13.81 | 171.04 ± 12.71 | 0.095 | 0.767 |
| TNF-α (ng/L) | 77.61 ± 7.40 | 98.79 ± 6.96 | 94.59 ± 11.61 | 99.87 ± 8.07 | 0.114 | 0.744 |
1
NC, normal control group; HS, heat stress group; PF, pair-fed group; HG, GAA group. Values are mean ± SE of 6 replicates.
2
IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
3
One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were conducted for the NC, HS, and HG groups; T test was conducted for the HS and HG groups.
ab
Means with different superscripts within each row are significantly different among the NC, HS, and PF groups (P < 0.05).
⁎
Means with asterisk indicate a significant difference between HS and HG group (P < 0.05).