Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Oct 12;23:162. doi: 10.1186/s12894-023-01332-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Study design overview. Notes: MR analysis follows 3 key assumptions: (I) Genetic variants applied as IVs should be robustly correlated with exposure; (II) Genetic variants applied are supposed not to link to any confounders; (III) Genetic variants selected should affect the risk of KSD only via IBD rather than other pathways. The orange line represents a Mendelian analysis of the genetic correlation between IBD (including CD and UC) and KSD; The blue line represents a Mendelian analysis of the genetic correlation between KSD and IBD (including CD and UC). Abbreviations: FinnGen, FinnGen Consortium; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis