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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Stat Appl. 2021 Nov 17;9(1):289–319. doi: 10.1146/annurev-statistics-040120-010930

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Four types of structured sampling. Black lines indicate observed data and dotted lines indicate missing data. (a) Both series are subsampled. (b) The standard mixed-frequency case, where only the second series is subsampled. (c) A subsampled version of panel b where each series is subsampled at different rates. (d) A subsampled mixed-frequency series that has no common factor across sampling rates and thus is not a subsampled version of panel b. Figure adapted with permission from Tank et al. (2019).