Table 3.

AAS dependence symptoms among users.

	%
Recurrent steroid use resulted in failure to fulfill obligations	2.3
Steroid used in situations that were physically hazardous	4.7
Unsuccessful effort to cut down or control use	6.8
Experienced diminished effect despite use of same amount of steroids	9.1
You gave up or reduced important social or occupational activities because of steroids	9.5
Continued to use steroids to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms	11.4
Needed increased steroids to achieve desired effect	11.4
Steroid use continues despite interpersonal issues exacerbated by steroids	11.6
Steroid use continued despite recurrent physical or psychological issues caused by steroids	14.0
Larger amounts used or used longer than anticipated	20.5
Experienced at least 2 side effects after stopping use	22.7
Considerable time spent to obtain, use or recover from steroid effects	23.3
Experienced cravings or strong desire to use	27.9
AAS dependence
None (0–1 symptoms)	53.9
Mild (2–3 symptoms)	23.1
Moderate (4–5 symptoms)	18.0
Severe (≥ 6 symptoms)	5.1
AAS = Anabolic-androgenic steroids