Table 4.

Chemical Components Summary of Cassava.^{19,22,23,25,31,33,34,38,40,45,47–49,53,88,89,93,95–98}

Phytochemical groups	Components	Plant part	Extraction methods/solvent used	References
Flavonoids	clovin hyperoside rutin quinones myricetin 3-O-rutinoside narcissin robinin catechin apigenin kaempferol kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside kaempferol triglycoside quercetin quercetin 3-O-rutinoside quercetin triglycoside	Aerial parts (leaves and stem), roots	Reflux with distilled water Maceration in ethanol solvent	23,33,34,47,95
Phenolic acids	tannin coniferaldehyde isovanillin 6-deoxyjacareubin scopoletin syringaldehyde pinoresinol, p-coumaric acid ficusol balanophonin ethamivan protocatechuic acid syringic acid gallic acid vanillic acid gentisic acid stilbenes (resveratrol)	Leaves	Extraction with ethanol Maceration with methanol/ethanol solvent	34,40,48
Terpenoids	yucalexin P-23 sporogen AO-2 thecacorin maesculentins A and B 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl- squalene lupeol cyclotrisiloxane hexamethyl-octasiloxane	Leaves, stem, twigs	Maceration with methanol/ acetone/ ethanol/ dichloromethane/ water Cold extraction using ethanol	31,88,89,98
Fatty acids	n-hexadecanoic acid octadecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid dodecanoic acid tetradecanoic acid	Leaves	Cold extraction using ethanol	31
Saponin (steroid)	diosgenin	Leaves	Maceration in ethyl acetate solvent	22,45
Cyanogenic glycosides	linamarin lotaustralin	Leaves, roots	Distillation Homogenized in boiling methanol	38,49
Benzoic acid derivatives	benzoic acid salicylic acid p-hydroxybenzoic acid	Leaves	Maceration with methanol	25,88
Carotenoids	β-carotene α-carotene	Leaves, roots	Acetone/petroleum extraction	19,95–97
Carbohydrate	Starch	Leaves, roots	Water is added to cassava with a ratio of 1:10. This is followed by blending at high speed until a smooth slurry is made. Using a two-fold layer of cheesecloth, the slurry is filtered. The filtered mixture was then left to rest for 2 h to allow the sedimentation process of starch.	53,93