Table 3.

Studies on age-related changes in human LNs.

Study	Patients	Age	LN (n)	Localization	Tumor/Non-Tumor	Reported Age-Related Morphological Changes
Hadamitzky	41	17–98	41	nm	non-tumor	Loss of lymphocytes/high endothelial venules, degree of fibrosis and lipomatosis
Pan	7	81–98	161	head and neck	nm	transparent LN
Erofeeva	10	75–90	nm	carinal/lower tracheo-bronchial	non-tumor	Thick edematous capsule, fibrous trabeculae located between the capsule and the node parenchyma, enlarged blood vessels, and a suppression of lymphocytopoietic function
Erofeeva	nm	77 +/− 6.78	13	mesenteric	non-tumor	Thickening of the capsule and trabeculae, proliferation of connective tissue around blood vessels and in the lymphoid parenchyma, lipomatosis of both cortical and medulla, decrease in the cell density in all structural components
Murakami	42	68–95	419	cervical, axillary, thoraxix, abdominal, pelvic, inguinal	non-tumor	Gaps in the cortex, fatty tissue infiltration, hyalinization
Tsakraklides	487	<16–>60	2250	axillary	tumor/non-tumor	Hyaline deposits increase with age
Denz	150	nm	300	deep cervical, inguinal, bronchial, mesenteric, axillary	tumor/non-tumor	Differences in LN function and anatomical position, retrogression of lymphoid tissue commences at puberty, lipomatous atrophy depends on nutritional state, collagenous and fibrous change
Luscieti	nm	0–90	243	cervical, axillar, cubital, inguinal, popliteal, mesenteric	non-tumor	Differences in anatomical position in size, lympatic tissue, and lipomatous atrophy
Taniguchi	27 + 12	72–95	519	cervical, axillar, mediastinal, abdominal, pelvic	non-tumor	Differences in hyalinization (mediastinal vs. pelvic type)
Sato	27	72–95	205	abdominal, pelvic	non-tumor	Region-specific histological heterogeneity with gap formation and thickend trabeculae

nm = not mentioned.