Figure 1.

Effect of various CPPs on cardiomyocyte Ca²⁺ transients. (A) Three CPPs were investigated with the indicated amino acid sequences. (B) Representative field-stimulated Ca²⁺ transients recorded in isolated rat cardiomyocytes incubated with TAT, Arg₉, or Arg₁₁, compared with untreated control cells (Ctr). (C) Mean Ca²⁺ transient amplitude. (D) Mean measurements of Ca²⁺ transient decay time (tau values). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc correction. p values are indicated versus Ctr. NS = not statistically significant. n_cells in Ctr, TAT, Arg₉, Arg₁₁ = 37, 35, 39, 31 from 4 hearts in each group.