Table 1.
Multiparametric miRNAs studies.
| Title | No. of Patients (LC vs. Others) | AUC | CT Combined | External Validation | Biofluid Used | miRNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulating MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [70] | 100 vs. 100 | 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) | No | No | Plasma | 24 miRNA signature |
| MicroRNA-based biomarkers for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [71] | 76 vs. 72 | 0.91 (95% CI: 0.864–0.956) | No | Yes | Plasma and sputum | 2 miRNAs (miRs-31-5p and 210-3p) in sputum + 3 miRNAs (miRs-21-5p, 210-3p, and 486-5p) |
| A unique set of 6 circulating microRNAs for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer [24] | 38 vs. 32 | 0.89 | No | Yes | Plasma | 6 miRNA signature (miR-429, miR-205, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-125b and miR-34b) |
| Serum microRNA Signature Is Capable of Early Diagnosis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [25] | 63 vs. 15 | 0.93 | No | No | Serum | 5 miRNAs (miR-146b, miR-205, miR-29c, miR-30b, and miR-337) |
| Application of plasma circulating microRNA-448, 506, 4316, and 4478 analysis for non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer [72] | 90 vs. 85 | 0.896 | No | No | Plasma | 4 miRNAs (miRNA-448, 506, 4316, and 4478) |
| Increased micro-RNA 17, 21, and 192 gene expressions improve early diagnosis in non-small cell lung cancer [73] | 60 vs. 30 | Unk | No | No | Serum | 2 miRNA + gene expression (micro-RNA 17, 21, and 192 gene expressions) |
| Baseline computed tomography screening and blood microRNA predict lung cancer risk and define adequate intervals in the BioMILD trial [16] | 2664 vs. 1445 | Unk | Yes | Prospective | Serum | 13-miRNA serum signature (MSC) |
| Identifying circulating miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer [74] | 48 vs. 984 | 0.9865 | No | No | Serum | 5 miRNA (miR-92, miR-140-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-223, miR-374a) |
| Profiling of 179 miRNA Expression in Blood Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients and Cancer-Free Individuals [26] | 50 vs. 50 | 0.979 | No | Yes | Serum and Plasma | 14 miRNA |
| A novel circulating miRNA-based signature for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of non–small-cell lung cancer [75] | 125 vs. 100 | 0.882 | No | No | Serum | 2 miRNA (miR-942 and serum miR-601) |
| Early Detection of Lung Cancer in Serum by a Panel of MicroRNA Biomarkers [76] | 142 vs. 111 | 0.936 | No | Yes | Serum | 3 miRNAs (miR-125a-5p, miR-25, and miR-126) |
| Clinical Utility of a Plasma-Based miRNA Signature Classifier Within Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening: A Correlative MILD Trial Study [19] | 86 vs. 870 | Unk | Yes | Prospective | Serum | 24 miRNA (MSC) |
| Identification of serum miRNAs by nano-quantum dots microarray as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer [77] | 164 vs. 112 | 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.96) | No | Yes | Serum | 12 miRNA |
| External validation of a panel of plasma microRNA biomarkers for lung cancer [78] | 471 vs. 489 | 0.963 (0.862–0.995) | No | Yes | Plasma | 4 miRNA (miRs-126-3p, 145, 210-3p and 205-5p) |
| Two plasma microRNA panels for diagnosis and subtype discrimination of lung cancer [28] | 539 vs. 456 | 0.873 | No | Yes | Plasma | 6 microRNAs (miR-17, miR-190b, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-26b, and miR-375) |
| Circulating microRNA array (miR-182, 200b and 205) for the early diagnosis and poor prognosis predictor of non-small cell lung cancer [79] | 50 vs. 30 | 0.883 | No | No | Serum | 3 miRNA (miR-182, miR-200b and miR-205) |
| Potential circulating miRNA signature for early detection of NSCLC [80] | 106 vs. 70 | 0.804 | No | Yes | Serum | 2 miRNA (miR-21, miR-141) |
| A Novel Serum 4-microRNA Signature for Lung Cancer Detection [27] | 84 vs. 23 | 0.993 | No | Yes | Serum | 4 miRNA (miR-141, miR-200b, miR-193b and miR-301) |
| Sputum microRNA Biomarkers for Identifying Lung Cancer in Indeterminate Solitary Pulmonary Nodules [81] | 203 vs. 210 | 0.92 | No | Yes | Sputum | 3 miRNA (miR-21, miR-31, miR-210) |
| Blood-borne miRNA profile-based diagnostic classifier for lung adenocarcinoma [82] | 253 vs. 101 | 0.991 | No | Yes | Serum | 20 miRNA classifier |
| Plasma circulating microRNA-944 and microRNA-3662 as potential histologic type-specific early lung cancer biomarkers [29] | 90 vs. 85 | 0.881 | No | No | Plasma | 2 miRNA (microRNA-944 and microRNA-3662) |
| Evaluation of circulating small extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating between different pathological types of early lung cancer [30] | 25 vs. 24 | 0.791 | No | No | Plasma | 2 miRNA (miR-152-3p and miR-1277-5p) |
| Plasma extracellular vesicle microRNA profiling and the identification of a diagnostic signature for stage I lung adenocarcinoma [83] | 254 vs. 206 | 0.917 | No | No | Plasma | 4 miRNA (hsa-miR-106b-3p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-3615, and hsa-miR-450b-5p |
| Evaluating the Use of Circulating MicroRNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Detection in Symptomatic Patients [15] | 606 vs. 2440 | 0.944 | No | No | Serum | 14-miRNA |
| Analysis of MicroRNAs in Sputum to Improve Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Diagnosis [21] | 66 vs. 68 | 0.83 | Yes | Yes | Sputum | 2 miRNA (miR-31 and miR-210) |
| Identification and evaluation of circulating small extracellular vesicle microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules [22] | 208 (nodules) | 0.920 | Yes | Yes | Plasma | CirsEV-miR model (let-7b-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-3168) |
| Diagnosis of lung cancer in individuals with solitary pulmonary nodules by plasma microRNA biomarkers [20] | 108 vs. 142 | 0.855 | Yes | Yes | Plasma | 3 miRNAs (miRs-21, 210, and 486-5p) |
| Combining plasma extracellular vesicle Let-7b-5p, miR-184 and circulating miR-22-3p levels for NSCLC diagnosis and drug resistance prediction [23] | 40 (nodules) | 0.924 | Yes | No | Plasma | 3 miRNA (miR-184, and miR-22-3p) + EV (let-7b-5p) |
| Serum miR-1228-3p and miR-181a-5p as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis [84] | 50 vs. 30 | 0.711 | No | No | Serum | 2 miRNA (miR-1228-3p, miR-181a-5p) |
| A six-microRNA panel in plasma was identified as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis [85] | 141 vs. 124 | 0.84 | No | Yes | Serum | 6 miRNA (miR-19b-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-425-5p and miR-584-5p) |
| Evaluation of Tumor-Derived Exosomal miRNA as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Next-Generation Sequencing [86] | 46 vs. 42 | 0.899 | No | No | Plasma | 8 miRNA (miR-181-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30e-3p miR-361-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-320b) |
| Identification of a three-miRNA signature as a blood-borne diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma [87] | 238 vs. 257 | 0.974 | No | No | Plasma | 3 miRNAs (miR-532, miR-628-3p and miR-425-3p) |