Table 1.
Studies about EUS-guided thermal ablative techniques for solid pancreatic neoplasms.
| Author, Year | Type of Study | Diagnosis | No. of Patients | Lesion Size (mm) | Type of Therapy | Efficacy | Adverse Events (n) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choi 2018 | Prospective | NF-pNEN F-pNEN |
7 1 |
20.3 12 |
RFA | 5/7 71.4% * 100% |
Abdominal pain (1), acute pancreatitis (1) 0 |
[21] |
| Barthet 2019 | Prospective | NF-pNEN | 12 | 13.1 | RFA | 12/14 * 86% |
Acute pancreatitis (1), MPD stenosis (1), fever (1), extrapancreatic necrosis (1) | [22] |
| Oleinikov 2019 | Retrospective | NF-pNEN F-pNEN |
11 7 |
17.7 15.3 |
RFA | 15/18 * 83.3% 7/7 100% |
Acute pancreatitis (2) 0 |
[14] |
| Younis 2019 | Case series | NF-pNEN | 3 | 10 | RFA | Not reported | Abdominal pain (1) | [24] |
| De Nucci 2020 | Case series | F-pNEN NF-pNEN |
5 5 |
12.8 16 |
RFA |
5/5 * 6/6 |
0 Abdominal pain (2) |
[18] |
| Furnica 2020 | Case series | F-pNEN | 4 | 12.9 | RFA | 4/4 * | Acute pancreatitis (1), abdominal pain (1) | [15] |
| Choi 2020 | Retrospective | F-pNEN NF-pNEN |
1 13 |
12 18.1 |
RFA | 100% * 9/13 69% |
0 Acute pancreatitis (2) |
[23] |
| Rossi 2022 | Case report | F-pNEN | 3 | 9–14 mm | RFA | 100% * | Procedural bleeding (1) | [17] |
| Crinò 2023 | Retrospective | F-pNEN | 89 | - | RFA | 95.5% | No severe adverse events compared to surgical group | [19] |
| Marx et al., 2022 | Retrospective | F-pNEN | 7 | 13.3 | RFA | 85.7% * | Large retrogastric collection (1), minor adverse events (3) | [16] |
| Napoleon 2023 | Retrospective | NF-pNENs F-pNENs |
48 16 |
15 | RFA | 33/48 (71.7%) of NF-pNENs complete response and 12 partial response 12/16 complete response (80%) of F-pNENs and 3/16 partial response |
Epigastric pain (7), acute pancreatitis (11), main pancreatic ductal leak (3) | [26] |
| Song 2016 | Prospective | LA and MTX PDAC | 6 | 38 | RFA | Successfully performed in all 6 patients | Abdominal pain (2) | [29] |
| Scopelliti 2018 | Prospective | Unresectable PDAC | 10 | 49.2 | RFA | Tumor size reduction in 50% of patients | Abdominal pain (2) | [30] |
| Crinò 2018 | Prospective | Unresectable PDAC | 8 | 30.6 | RFA | Tumor side reduction in 30% of patients | Mild abdominal pain (3) | [31] |
| DeWitt 2018 | Prospective | LA PDAC | 12 | 45.2 | PDT | Increase in tumor necrosis in 50% of patients at CT scan control | 4/12 (related to porfimer sodium), including sunburned hands, nausea, photosensitivity and skin hyperpigmentation) | [37] |
| Testoni 2021 | Randomized clinical trial | LA and BRSEC PDAC | 17 | 33.3 | Two arms (CTP + CHT vs. CHT) | No differences in tumor reduction volume | 11/37 sessions (29.7% of patients (including fever, jaundice, perigastric collection, splenic vein thrombosis) | [36] |
| Wang 2021 | Retrospective | Unresectable PDAC | 11 | 28 | RFA | Tumor size reduction in 20% of patients | 0 | [32] |
| Chanez 2021 | Prospective | Pancreatic metastases | 12 | 17 | RFA | Complete radiological response in 40% at 12 months. Control rate 73.3% at 12 months | 2/12 duodenal abscess (1) and hepatic abscess (1) | [35] |
| Thosani 2022 | Prospective | Unresectable PDAC | 10 | 39.2 | RFA | Tumor regression in 7 patients | Mild abdominal pain (12) in 22 RFA sessions | [33] |
| Oh 2022 | Prospective | LA and MTX PDAC | 22 | 38 | RFA | Successfully performed in all patients | 4/107 sessions, including peritonitis (1) and abdominal pain (3) | [34] |
| Hanada 2022 | Prospective | Unresectable PDAC | 8 | 33.3 | PDT | 5 lesions with necrosis at CT control | 0 | [38] |
* Efficacy defined as disappearance of symptoms for F-pNEN and disappearance of the lesion at cross-sectional imaging during follow-up for NF-pNEN. CTP, Cryothermal ablation; PDT, photodynamic therapy; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; LA, locally advanced; MTX, metastatic; BRESEC, borderline resectable; PDAC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CT, computed tomography, pNENs, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms; NF, non-functional; F, functional.