Table 1.

Physiological modifications in water buffalo due to the roofing material.

Evaluated Material	Preferred Material	Physiological Response	THI	Region	Reference
G1: Corrugated iron roof G2: Corrugated iron roof and shade cloth	G2	Male swamp buffaloes in G2 had lower RT (39.14 ± 0.07 °C vs. 40.00 ± 0. 10 °C) and cortisol values (2.14 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs. 3.38 ± 0.37 ng/mL).	91.95 vs. 93.66	Chainat Province, Thailand	[90]
G1: Corrugated asbestos roof G2: Corrugated asbestos roof painted white on upper side G3: Corrugated asbestos roof with expanded polyethylene (EPE) G4: Corrugated asbestos roof painted white on upper side and EPE sheet on lower side	G4	Murrah buffalo heifers had RR of 26.60 ± 0.34 counts/min, pulse rate of 59.72 ± 0.74 counts/min, and RT of 38.36 ± 17.73 °C.	G1: 83.55   G2: 83.18   G3: 82.73   G4: 82.03	Hisar, India	[91,92]
G1: Asbestos roof G2: Asbestos roof with bamboo ceiling G3: Thatch roof	G2 and G3	G2 buffaloes had lower pulse rate, glucose, and serum proteins. G3 buffaloes had lower RT and RR.	Not available	Assam, India	[93]

RT: rectal temperature; RR: respiratory rate.