Table 2.

The selected post-translational modifications of ERs.

Site of Modification	Type of Modification	Enzymes	Functions	Reference
Y52	phosphorylation	c-Abl	transcription activation, stability maintenance	[181]
Y219	phosphorylation	c-Abl	DNA binding and dimerization	[181]
S102	phosphorylation	GSK3	transcription activation	[182]
S104/106	phosphorylation	cyclin A-Cdk2, MAPK	transcription activation, dimerization	[182]
S118	phosphorylation	ND, Cdk7, IKKα	RNA splicing, dimerization, transcription activation	[182,183]
S167	phosphorylation	Akt, p90 RSK, S6K1	stability maintenance	[184]
S236	phosphorylation	PKA	dimerization inhibition	[146]
R260	methylation	PRMT1	non-genomic signaling	[185]
K266	acetylation	p300	transcription activation, DNA binding	[146]
K266 K268	sumoylation	Ubc9, PIAS1, PIAS3	transcription activation, DNA binding	[179]
S282 S559	phosphorylation	CK2	transcription inhibition	[186]
K302 K303	ubiquitylation	CHIP	proteasomal degradation	[171]
K302	acetylation	p300	transcription inhibition	[151]
K302	methylation	SET7	regulation of ER turnover	[164]
K303	acetylation	p300	transcription inhibition	[151]
K303	sumoylation	Ubc9, PIAS1, PIAS3	transcription activation, DNA binding	[179]
S305	phosphorylation	PAK1	resistance to aromatase inhibitor, transcription activation	[187,188]
T311	phosphorylation	p38-MAPK	nuclear localization	[147]
C447	palmitoylation	PAT	plasma membrane localization	[189,190]
Y537	phosphorylation	calf uterine kinase, SRC, EGFR	DNA binding, dimerization, proliferation	[191,192]