Table 1.
Studies on the difference in gastric microbiota composition between patients with gastric cancer and controls.
| Authors/Year | Country | Sample type | Study group | Richness/Diversity | Main differences in microbiota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peng, 2023 (22) | China | Gastric juice | 22 HC (Gastritis), 22 GPL (AG, IM, and adenomatous polyp), and 16 GC | The richness and diversity of gastric microbiota decreased gradually from HC, GPL to GC. | • Phylum level: From HC, GPL to GC: Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota↓, Firmicutes↑ • Genus level: Vulcaniibacterium and Sphingomonas were common in HC. From HC, GPL to GC: Treponema, Campylobacter, and Neisseria↓, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus↑ |
| He, 2022 (17) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy and gastric juice | 61 SG, 55 IM, and 64 GC | The diversity of GM was significantly lower than that of GF. As the disease progressed, the differences between GM and GF in GC were significantly reduced compared with SG and IM. | • Enriched phyla: GF: Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria GM: Firmicutes • Enriched genera: GM: HP, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bacillus GF: Neisseria, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Gemella • Compared to SG and IM, Lactobacillus was significantly increased in GC. |
| Sun, 2022 (21) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy and gastric juice | 56 SG, 9 AG, 27 IM, 29 Dys, and 13 GC (All patients were HP-) | The richness and diversity of gastric microbiota decreased gradually from SG, AG, IM, Dys to GC. | • Phylum level: The abundance of Firmicutes: GC > IM and Dys The abundance of Bacteroidetes: Dys < SG The abundance of Proteobacteria: IM and Dys > other stages • Genus Level: The abundance of Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae: GC > SG AG to Dys: Burkholderaceae↑, Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae↓ The dominant genus of IM and Dys: Ralstonia and Rhodococcus |
| Deng, 2021 (19) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 25 SG (All patients were HP-, antrum 10, corpus 7, and cardia 8) and 34 GC (9 HP+ and 25 HP-, antrum 19 and corpus 15) | There was no significant difference in the diversity and richness of gastric microbiota between SG and GC. | • Enriched order: Antrum: HP- GC: Peudomonodales and Erysipelotrichales HP+ GC: Neisseriales SG: Actinomycetales, Enterobacteriales and Pasteurellales Corpus: HP- GC: Peudomonodales HP+ GC: Campylobacterales and Bacteroidales SG: Enterobacteriales, Actinomycetales, and Burkholderiales |
| Zhang, 2021 (18) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 17 SG, 10 AG, 5 IN, and 15 GC | In different stages of GC, the richness and diversity of gastric microbiota did not change gradually, and the richness of AG was the highest. | • Enriched genera: SG to GC: Oral bacteria (Slackia, Selenomonas, Bergeyella, and Capnocytophaga) SG: Anaerobacillus, Bacillus, Massilia, and Rhodobacter AG: Alloprevotella, Pelomonas, Ralstonia, Clocibacterium, and Deinococcus IN: Intestinal commensal bacteria (Romboutsia, Fusicatenibacter, Prevotellaceae-Ga6A1group, and Intestinimonas) GC: Oral bacteria (Parvimonas, Eikenella and Prevotella-2) Environmental bacteria (Kroppenstedtia, Lentibacillus, and Oceanobacillus) |
| Wang, 2020 (20) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 30 HC, 21 CG, 27 IM, 25 IN, and 29 GC | The richness and diversity of gastric microbiota decreased gradually from HC, CG, IM, IN to GC. | • Enriched phyla: CG and IM: Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia IN and GC: Actinobacteria, Bacteriodes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, SR1, and TM7 • Enriched genera: HC: Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas CG and IM: Halomonas, Shewanella, Aquincola and Sphingomonas IN: Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, unclassified Gemellaceae, Rothia, and Fusobacterium GC: HP and Lactobacillus IN and GC: Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella |
| Chen, 2019 (23) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 62 pairs of matched cancer and para-cancerous tissues | The richness and diversity of microbiota in cancer tissues were significantly increased compared with that in para-cancerous tissues. | • Phylum level: Para-cancerous tissues: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Fusobacteria↓, Proteobacteria↑ • Genus level: Cancer tissues: Oral bacteria (Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium)↑ Para-cancerous tissues: Lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactococcus lactoactis and Lactobacillus brevis)↑ |
| Liu, 2019 (24) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 276 GC (230 normal, 247 para-cancerous and 229 cancer tissues) | The richness and diversity of the microbiota showed a clear downward trend from normal to para-cancerous to cancer tissues. | •Enriched genera: Para-cancerous and cancer tissues: B. fragilis and A. muciniphila Para-cancerous tissues: HP, Halomonas and Shewanella Cancer tissues: S. anginosus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus anginosus, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, and Corynebacterium • Reduced genera: Cancer tissues: Prevotella copri and Bacteroides Normal and para-cancerous tissues: S. anginosus |
| Coker, 2018 (25) | China | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 21 SG, 23 AG, 17 IM and 20 GC (biopsies of GC patients were from cancer and para-cancerous tissues) | Compared with other stages, the richness and diversity of the microbiota in GC decreased. | • The oral microbiota was significantly enriched in GC. The most important are Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Slackia exigua, Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus anginosus, and Dialister pneumosintes, which can be biomarkers to differentiate between GC and SG. |
| Ferreira, 2018 (26) | Portugal | Gastric mucosal biopsy | 81 CG and 54 GC | GC showed reduced microbiota diversity. | • Phylum level: GC: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria↑ • Genus level: CG: HP, Neisseria, Prevotella and Streptococcus↑ GC: HP↓, Achromobacter, Citrobacter, Phyllobacterium, Clostridium, Rhodococcus, and Lactobacillus↑ |
SG, Superficial Gastritis; AG, Atrophic Gastritis; IM, Intestinal Metaplasia; GC, Gastric Cancer; CG, Chronic Gastritis; HP, Helicobacter pylori; B. fragilis, Bacteroides fragilis; A. muciniphila, Akkermansia muciniphila; HC, Healthy Controls, IN, Intraepithelial Neoplasia; HP+, Helicobacter pylori positive; HP-, Helicobacter pylori negative; Dys, Dysplasia; GPL, Gastric Precancerous Lesions; GM, Gastric mucosa; GF, Gastric fluid; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased.