Table 2.

Main omics types and subtypes technologies.

Omics Technologies
Type	Tools	Focus
Genomics	-Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) -Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) -Structural and Functional Analysis -Genomic Characterization -Bioinformatics	Genome complete sequences study by DNA sequencing, genetic profiling, recombinant DNA assays, structural and functional genome analysis
Transcriptomics	-RNA Sequencing -Microarray -qRT-PCR -Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-Based Methods -Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE)	Total mRNA and gene expression study by RNA sequencing, expression profiling and transcriptional regulation analysis
Proteomics	-Mass Spectrometry (MS) -Protein Microarrays -Flow Cytometry -2D-PAGE -Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF)	Structural and functional proteins study by protein identification, quantification and post-translational modification, and expression profiling analysis
Metabolomics	-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) -Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)	Cellular metabolites study by metabolite and intermediates profiling, hormones and signaling molecules analysis
SUBTYPE	FOCUS
Epigenomics	Epigenetic changes study in the regulation of genic expression and function by DNA methylation and histones modification analysis
Lipidomics	Molecular characterization of cellular lipid and their biological roles by study of their pathways and networks in biological systems
Interactomics	Study of the complex network of molecular interactions between proteins and other biological macromolecules which take place inside the cell
Metallomics	Identification, distribution and interactions of metals and metalloids binding biomolecules, and their role in biological systems
Immunomics	Analysis of immune system regulation and response to infections by genome-wide techniques to identify antigens or epitopes linked to host immune response