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Enhanced cytokine response in PBMCs from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared with healthy controls (HC). Isolated PBMCs were stimulated in vitro for 24 h and 7 days with LPS and heat-killed Candida albicans. Cytokine levels were measured in the supernatants using commercial ELISA kits for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, and IL-6 (a), as well as IL-17, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 (b). Data are shown as median (IQR), Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Each dot represents a sample.
