Table 3.
Malignant potential with enhancement pattern in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
| Study | n | Inclusion Criteria of Tumor |
Treatment (n) | Evaluation | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kawamura et al. [40] | 191 | Solitary and ≤3 cm | Resection (60) RFA (131) |
Outcome (recurrence) | The type 4 enhancement pattern was an independent factor for recurrence (HR, 27.68; 95% CI, 6.82–112.33; p < 0.001). |
| Nakachi et al. [41] | 223 | Early stage | Biopsy Resection |
Differentiation | HCC with enhancement with non-enhanced area predicted poorly differentiation. Predictive value as follows; sensitivity was 85%, specificity was 76%, positive predictive value was 93%, negative predictive value was 97%, and accuracy was 77%. |
| Shimizu et al. [42] | 226 | ≤3 tumors and ≤3 cm | RFA | Outcome (recurrence, OS) | Heterogeneous enhancement pattern was one of the independent factors for critical recurrence (HR, 2.753; 95% CI, 1.453–5.219; p = 0.002) and related cancer death (HR, 2.369; 95% CI, 1.187–4.726; p = 0.014). |
CI: confidence interval; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HR: hazard ratio; OS: overall survival; RFA: radiofrequency ablation.