Table 4.
Malignant potential with enhancement pattern in the hepatobiliary phase of magnetic resonance imaging.
| Study | n | Inclusion Criteria of Tumor |
Treatment (n) | Evaluation | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al. [53] | 345 | Solitary and ≤3 cm | LR (123) RFA (222) |
Outcome (recurrence) | In RFA group, non-hypervascular hypointense nodule was one of the independent factors for recurrence (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.20–2.63; p = 0.004). |
| Iwamoto et al. [54] | 91 | Early stage | RFA | Outcome (recurrence) | Non-hypervascular hypointense nodule was one of the independent factors for intrahepatic distant recurrence (HR, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.13–8.86; p < 0.01). |
| Toyoda et al. [55] | 77 | Early stage | LR | Outcome (recurrence) | Non-hypervascular hypointense nodule was an independent factor for multicentric recurrence (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.69–4.84; p = 0.0002). |
| Toyoda et al. [56] | 138 | BCLC stage 0 or A | LR (76) RFA (62) |
Outcome (recurrence, OS) | Non-hypervascular hypointense nodule was an independent factor for recurrence (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.26–2.25; p = 0.0005) and which was one of the independent factors for OS (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.99–2.81; p = 0.05). |
| Bae et al. [57] | 183 | BCLC stage 0 or A | LR (61) RFA (61) TACE (61) |
Outcome (recurrence, OS) | In RFA group, existing satellite nodules was one of the independent factors for disease-free survival (HR, 5.04; 95% CI, 1.06–23.90; p = 0.04); moreover, peritumoral hypointensity (HR, 13.06; 95% CI, 1.63–104.84; p = 0.02) and existing satellite nodules (HR, 9.40; 95% CI, 1.48–59.67; p = 0.02) on HBP were related to OS. |
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CI: confidence interval; HBP: hepatobiliary phase; HR: hazard ratio; LR: liver resection; LTP: liver transplantation; OS: overall survival; RFA: radiofrequency ablation; TACE: transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.