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Various routes for the synthesis of phosphate-modified oligonucleotide derivatives—alkyl phosphoramidates (route 1), phosphoryl guanidines (route 2), triazinyl phosphoramidates (route 3), and “extended” triazinyl phosphoramidates (route 4). R″ = DMTr; R′ = 2-cyanoethyl. DMTr—4,4′-dimethoxytrityl; CEP—(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diispropyl)phosphoramidite.
