Figure 3.

Empirical Item Characteristic Curves (ICCs) of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. Note: The red line represents the item characteristic curve, as predicted by the Rasch model. It shows the average score that students at different levels of the latent variable (x-axis) would obtain on the item (y-axis) according to the Rasch model. The blue line depicts the empirical ICC. Each “x” on the x-axis summarizes the responses of students whose measurements are near that particular point. The green-gray lines represent the two-sided 95% confidence bands.