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Schematic diagram of the PI3K/Akt pathways involved in RA-ILD pathogenesis. As illustrated, the phosphorylation of PI3K activates Akt through PIP2 to PIP3 conversion. PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and ERK contributes to the up-regulations of target genes and proteins, which promote the inflammation by regulating macrophage, neutrophil, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
