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. 2023 Sep 25;24(19):14522. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914522

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Asphyxia-induced changes in brain kynurenic acid (KYNA) levels. Panel (A) shows cerebrocortical KYNA levels in the naive controls, as well as in the vehicle (VEH), hypothermia-treated (TH), and SZR72-treated (SZR72) groups subjected to asphyxia. Panels (B–E) show the values obtained from the hippocampus, the caudate nucleus, the medulla, and the combined data obtained from all assessed brain regions (ΣBrain), respectively. Panel (F) shows the combined serum data from the asphyxiated groups collected at 12–24 h after asphyxia, while baseline data (BL) were obtained from the VEH group collected before exposure to asphyxia. KYNA levels increased significantly after asphyxia in all brain regions in the VEH group compared with controls. In contrast, KYN levels in the TH group were significantly reduced compared with the VEH group in the cortex and the medulla, while the trend was non-significant in the hippocampus and the caudate nucleus. SZR72 did not elevate brain KYNA levels, which were similar to the values of the VEH group in all brain regions. However, SZR72 greatly increased serum KYNA levels; please note the logarithmic scale on the Panel F graph. Lines, boxes, and whiskers represent the median, the interquartile range, and the 10th–90th percentiles, respectively. * p < 0.05, * significantly different from the naive, † from the VEH, ‡ from the TH group.