TABLE 1. Sample Characteristics by Intention to Leave, Retire, or Both Among State and Local Public Health Workers, 2017 and 2021.

	Intention to Leave		Intention to Retire		Intention to Leave or Retire
	2017	2021	2017	2021	2017	2021
Overall	23%	20%	28%	30%	42%	41%
Setting
SHA-CO	34%	32%**	23%	21%**	47%	44%***
BCHC LHD	31%	33%*	20%	18%*	42%	42%
Other LHD/RHD	25%	28%	23%	21%**	39%	39%
Supervisory status
Nonsupervisor	29%	30%	21%	19%**	41%	40%
Supervisor	26%	32%*	27%	22%**	43%	44%
Manager	26%	34%**	29%	27%	42%	48%
Executive	26%	31%*	35%	34%	48%	48%
Gender self-identification
Male	70%	66%	75%	79%***	55%	55%
Female	28%	29%	22%	20%**	41%	40%
Some other way	42%	46%	14%	14%	45%	53%
Race
White	28%	30%*	25%	22%***	42%	43%
BIPOC	29%	31%	19%	18%	41%	40%
Highest education
No college	24%	22%**	26%	25%	39%	35%**
Associate's degree	27%	25%	24%	26%*	41%	39%
Bachelor's degree	29%	31%	22%	20%**	42%	42%
Master's degree	32%	35%	20%	16%***	44%	44%
Doctoral degree	30%	35%**	24%	23%	44%	47%
Age
<36 y	32%	37%*	1%	1%	32%	37%
36-49 y	26%	28%	3%	3%	28%	30%
50-64 y	26%	26%	41%	40%	51%	49%**
65+ y	40%	44%	87%	84%	84%	77%**
Tenure in organization
0-5 y	31%	31%	8%	8%	35%	36%
6-10 y	28%	33%	18%	15%	38%	41%
11-15 y	27%	29%	23%	24%	40%	41%
16-20 y	21%	27%	40%	36%	49%	47%
21+ y	30%	31%	61%	61%	63%	61%
Served in COVID-19 response (any role)
No	NA	28%	NA	22%	NA	39%
Yes		31%		21%		42%
Hired specifically for COVID-19 response	NA	34%	NA	9%	NA	39%

Abbreviations: BCHC, Big Cities Health Coalition; BIPOC, Black, Indigenous, and people of color; LHD, local health department; NA, not available; RHD, regional health department; SHA-CO, State Health Agency-Central Office.

^aDifference between 2017 and 2021: ***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05.