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. 2023 Sep 30;24(19):14785. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914785

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Profile of detergents and other types of molecules usage during the membrane extraction step of the membrane proteins whose structure has been solved at a resolution better than 3 Å by cryo-EM SPA during the last two years (2021–2022) available in the Protein Data Bank. (A) Number of reports found for each surfactant or other molecules used for the protein membrane extraction. Alkyl maltoside detergents include DDM, DM and UDM. MNG family detergents include LMNG, MNG and DMNG. Mixed detergents include associations between different detergents. In this class, we noticed the reports of the association between DDM and sodium cholate (3 reports), DDM and LMNG (2 reports), DDM and DM-NPG (2 reports), DDM and GDN (1 report), LMNG and digitonin (2 reports), LMNG and GDN (1 report), LMNG and sodium cholate (1 report), digitonin and LDAO (1 report), DDM and Triton X-100 (1 report). Other detergents include DDM analog cyclohexyl-α maltoside (t-PCCαM; 3 reports), Cymal-4 (1 report), Cymal-6 (1 report), LDAO (2 reports), Sodium cholate (1 report), OGNG (1 report), C12E9 (1 report), C12E8 (1 report), and glycerol (1 report). (B) Analysis of the addition of cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) on surfactant-solubilized MPs at the five most used detergents used for protein membrane extraction step.