Table 1.
Summary of pulses parameters in examined exposure protocols and measured temperature increase (ΔT). PRR = pulse repetition rate (Hz); NA = not applicable, as the temperature increase was insignificant (below 1 °C). Number of independent experiments (N) in ZAP was equal to 1. For all experiments number of biological replicates (n) was ≥6.
Pulse Duration d (ns) |
Number of Pulses N | Cumulative Time Duration D (μs) |
Total Exposure Duration t (s) |
Absorbed Energy Density u (mJ/mm3) in HBSS | Temperature Increase-ΔT (°C) in HBSS | Absorbed Energy Density u (mJ/mm3) in ZAP | Temperature Increase-ΔT (°C) in ZAP | E-Field Intensity in HBSS (kV/cm) |
E-field Intensity in ZAP (kV/cm) |
Number of Independent Experiments HBSS (N) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protocol 1 | |||||||||||
(PRR = 20 Hz) | 2 | 500 | 1 | 25 | 140 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 16 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 |
4 | 500 | 2 | 25 | 280 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 32 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
6 | 500 | 3 | 25 | 420 | 9.1 ± 1.8 | 47 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
8 | 500 | 4 | 25 | 560 | 10.8 ± 2.2 | 65 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
10 | 500 | 5 | 25 | 700 | 15.1± 2.7 | 81 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
Protocol 2 | |||||||||||
(PRR = 200 Hz) | 2 | 500 | 1 | 2.5 | 140 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 16 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 100 | 90 | 2 |
6 | 500 | 3 | 2.5 | 420 | 32.2 ± 0.7 | 47 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 100 | 90 | 2 | |
10 | 500 | 5 | 2.5 | 700 | 46.8 ± 3.9 | 81 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 100 | 90 | 2 | |
Protocol 3 | |||||||||||
(PRR = 20 Hz) | 2 | 2500 | 5 | 125 | 700 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 81 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 |
6 | 833 | 5 | 41.6 | 700 | 15.2 ± 1.9 | 81 | NA | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
10 | 500 | 5 | 25 | 700 | 16.8 ± 2.2 | 81 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 100 | 90 | 3 | |
Protocol 4 | |||||||||||
(PRR = 200 Hz) | 2 | 2500 | 5 | 12.5 | 700 | 22.0 ± 2.2 | 81 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 100 | 90 | 2 |
6 | 833 | 5 | 4.16 | 700 | 42.8 ± 1.4 | 81 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 100 | 90 | 2 | |
10 | 500 | 5 | 2.5 | 700 | 46.8 ± 3.9 | 81 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 100 | 90 | 2 |