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. 2023 Oct 6;24(19):14956. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914956

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Proteins involved in the regulation of DNA end resection. DNA end resection is initiated by DSB recognition through the MRN complex, comprised of MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1, which subsequently recruits BRCA1-activated CtIP to initiate short-range DNA end resection. The c-NHEJ factors, KU70/80 and DNA-PKcs, are thought to inhibit DNA end resection. Multiple factors regulate CtIP recruitment and activation at DSBs. Newly identified positive and negative regulators of DNA end resection are depicted. Long-range resection is initiated by the recruitment of EXO1 and BLM/DNA2 activities and may be further promoted by the WRN/RECQL complex. Long-range resection results in the generation of long single strand 3′-overhangs, coated by RPA, that promote RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation and HR. Accidents in the initiation of long-range resection or RAD51 filament formation may cause shifts in DSB repair to mutagenic pathways.