Figure 16.

(a) Schematic for large-scale and continuous fabrication of TPNG; (b) (i) images of a TPNG located in the subdermal chest region at two different scales; (ii) schematic of the energy harvesting process and circuit applied to collect energy from a beating rat heart; (c) current signals of implanted TPNG are associated with the beating heart; reprinted from [131] with permission from Wiley Online Library. (d) Schematic illustration to show the concept and working principle of artificial EG-skin using silk hydrogel; (e) chest for monitoring respiration cycles and (f) embedded in chicken breast tissue; reprinted from [127] with permission from Elsevier. (g) Structure diagram of FI-NES system; (h) small animal X-rays; (i) the time curve of the output PSR-ES driven by respiratory motion when SD rats are under different physiological states; reprinted from [132] with permission from Wiley Online Library. (j) Conception graph of an implanted HEHS harvesting biomechanical energy and biochemical energy in body; (k) structure diagram; (l) output voltage of rectified TENG, GFC, and their hybrid device; reprinted from [127] with permission from Springer.