Table 2.

Main outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism in the older population.

Study	Year	Outcomes
Seib et al. [40]	2023	Parathyroidectomy was associated with a lower long-term incidence of adverse CV outcomes when compared with nonoperative management.
Alobuia et al. [36]	2022	Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the management of PHPT among older adults.
Hangge et al. [44]	2022	BMD improves similarly in both cohorts with no difference in complication rates post parathyroidectomy.
McCoy et al. [45]	2022	Risk Analysis Index scores decreased after parathyroid exploration surgery, which reflects an improvement in frailty score.
Meng et al. [31]	2022	PHPT should be ruled out in a patient with new-onset psychosis.
Papavramidis et al. [42]	2022	Parathyroidectomy improves quality of life in both groups and frailty only in older group.
Seib et al. [35]	2022	Parathyroidectomy was associated with a lower risk of any fracture and hip fracture among older adults with PHPT.
Herb et al. [47]	2021	Parathyroidectomy is underused for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in older adults.
Mueller et al. [26]	2021	Parathyroidectomy in elderly people have comparable risk of in-hospital complications compared with the younger population.
O’sullivan et al. [37]	2021	Elderly patients had lower calcium and PTH levels post-parathyroidectomy. In addition, surgery is considered safe for this population.
Otsuki et al. [33]	2021	PHPT can present with severe psychiatric symptoms, even in mild hypercalcemia. Those symptoms improve post-operatively.
Seib et al. [41]	2021	Older age, frailty, and multiple comorbidities were associated with nonoperative management in elderly patients with PHPT.
Timmons et al. [29]	2021	Mild hypercalcemia can influence cognitive function.
Duskin-Bitan et al. [24]	2020	Serum and urinary calcium decreased in patients aged 75 years and older who were treated conservatively.
Ekici et al. [49]	2020	Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is safe in geriatric patients.
Khokhar et al. [15]	2020	Parathyroidectomy is a safe procedure in all age groups including people above 80 years old.
Koman et al. [46]	2020	Medical normalization of hypercalcemia can help in predicting outcome after parathyroidectomy.
Voci [30]	2020	Concomitant presence of cognitive dysfunction in an elderly patient can mask underlying PHPT.
Augusto et al. [28]	2019	Parkinsonism can have a significant remission after parathyroidectomy in patients with PHPT.
Castellano et al. [27]	2019	The clinical presentation of PHPT differs according to age, and this difference can influence the selection of management options.
Lujan-Martinez et al. [32]	2019	Cognitive impairment of the elderly secondary to hyperparathyroidism is overlooked.
Sluis et al. [34]	2019	Medical management is a reasonable option for PHPT patients over 85 years old.
Dombrowsky et al. [23]	2018	PHPT is underdiagnosed and undertreated in elderly patients.
Khan et al. [39]	2018	Primary hyperparathyroidism can rarely be secondary to a parathyroid cancer and adenoma synchronously.
Seib et al. [48]	2018	Frailty is associated with increased complications, reoperation, and prolonged LOS in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHPT.
Calo et al. [7]	2017	Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy can be performed safely in elderly people.
Polistina et al. [43]	2017	Parathyroidectomy in elderly PHPT patients is safe, with a similar rate of morbidity to what is seen in younger population.
Bajwa et al. [38]	2015	There is limited research on the appropriate management of PHPT in very old individuals.
Denizot et al. [25]	2014	Parathyroidectomy is safe and curative for older adult with PHPT.

Abbreviations: PHPT: primary hyperparathyroidism; BMD: bone mineral density; CV: cardiovascular.