Table 1.
Laboratory tests before, during, and after pregnancy.
| Reference Values | Before Pregnancy | 1st Trimester [1–13 Weeks] |
2nd Trimester [14–27 Weeks] |
3rd Trimester [28–37 Weeks] |
1–Year after Pregnancy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urea cycle evaluation | ||||||
| Ammonia (µmol/L) | 9–50 | 35 | 38 | 28 | 54↑ | 24 |
| Ur orotic acid (mmol/mol) | 0.4–5.1 | --- | --- | 3.9 | 2.7 | 1.4 |
| Plasma amino acids | ||||||
| Arg (µmol/L) | 15–140 | 22.5 | 25.4 | 12.3↓ | 12.8↓ | 19.9 |
| Cit (µmol/L) | 18–60 | 25.3 | 30.3 | 18.0 | 25.6 | 73.5 |
| Iso (µmol/L) | 40–100 | 55.4 | 48.6 | 23.7↓ | 24.0↓ | 43.2 |
| Leu (µmol/L) | 80–175 | 84.2 | 100.1 | 72.8↓ | 41.5↓ | 91.6 |
| Lys (µmol/L) | 100–280 | 32.3↓ | 53.0↓ | 18.0↓ | 14.3↓ | 53.7↓ |
| Met (µmol/L) | 20–40 | 32.4 | 27.1 | 14.9↓ | 17.8↓ | 25.9 |
| Gln (µmol/L) | 300–850 | 1778.0↑ | 1088.9↑ | 904.4↑ | 593.7 | 1052.6↑ |
| Glu (µmol/L) | 10–190 | 39.1 | 27.3 | 48.7 | 27.1 | 97.7 |
| Gly (µmol/L) | 130–350 | 520↑ | 421↑ | 280 | 229 | 424↑ |
| Orn (µmol/L) | 40–140 | 15.8↓ | 21.1↓ | 10.1↓ | 12.0↓ | 15.5↓ |
| Phe (µmol/L) | 30–100 | 32.4 | 37.7 | 30.0 | 23.1↓ | 35.6 |
| Thr (µmol/L) | 60–200 | 117.5 | 132.4 | 96.5 | 57.2 | 107.9 |
| Tyr (µmol/L) | 40–100 | 34.4↓ | 40.0 | 25.3↓ | 11.0↓ | 43.4 |
| Trp (µmol/L) | 30–120 | 23.3↓ | 21.0↓ | 16.6↓ | 10.7↓ | 22.8↓ |
| Val (µmol/L) | 140–340 | 226.3 | 174.1 | 118.1↓ | 94.9↓ | 180.7 |
| Nutritional status | ||||||
| Albumin (g/L) | 34–48 | 37 | 40 | 31↓ | 27↓ | 43 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | <200 | 117 | 244↑ | 154 | 238↑ | 200 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | <150 | 131 | 199 | 161 | 217↑ | 87 |
| Free carnitine (µmol/L) | 18.1–57.0 | 31.5 | 21.9 | 25.5 | 14.9↓ | 30.6 |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.8–2.6 | 1.3↓ | 1.8 | 1.4↓ | 1.3↓ | 1.4↓ |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.5–10.5 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.8 |
| General renal function tests | ||||||
| Cr (mg/dL) | 0.3–1.3 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| eGFR (CKD–EPI [Cr]) mL/min/1.73 m2 | ≥90 | 136 | 127 | 144 | 136 | 130 |
| Liver function tests | ||||||
| AST (U/L) | 5–40 | 48↑ | 67↑ | 53↑ | 107↑ | 121↑ |
| ALT (U/L) | 5–40 | 20 | 35 | 22 | 53↑ | 63↑ |
| ɣ–GT (U/L) | 5–40 | 7 | 18 | 14 | 34 | 16 |
↓ Below and ↑ above the reference range. The median value for each trimester is represented: blood tests were performed every 4 months, except for the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (every 2 months). The 3rd trimester has an end at week 37.0 because labor was induced. ɣ–GT: ɣ–glutamyl transferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; Arg: arginine; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Cit: citrulline; Cr: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Gln: glutamine; Glu; glutamic acid; Gly: glycine; Iso: isoleucine; Leu: leucine; Lys: lysine; Met: methionine; Orn: ornithine; Phe: phenylalanine; Thr: threonine; Trp: tryptophan; Tyr: tyrosine; Val: valine; Ur: urinary.