Table 2.
Concentration of selected metabolic indicators at different measurement points for both diets.
| Indicator | Measurement Point |
PD | CD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Me (Q1; Q3) | Me (Q1; Q3) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) |
baseline | 5.05 (4.83; 5.40) | 5.06 (4.94; 5.21) |
| 4 | 4.96 (4.70; 5.18) | 4.83 (4.58; 5.15) | |
| 8 | 4.99 (4.60; 5.33) | 4.96 (4.77; 5.05) | |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) |
baseline | 7.13 (6.13; 8.75) | 7.25 (5.37; 10.60) |
| 4 | 6.60 (4.80; 9.72) | 6.76 (5.95; 7.90) | |
| 8 | 6.32 (5.50; 8.48) | 5.54 (4.72; 7.39) | |
| FFA (mmol/L) |
baseline | 0.52 (0.25; 0.68) | 0.24 (0.15; 0.41) |
| 4 | 0.35 (0.28; 0.57) | 0.52 (0.22; 0.76) | |
| 8 | 0.29 (0.21; 0.54) | 0.39 (0.19; 0.64) | |
| β-HB (mmol/L) |
baseline | 0.05 (0.04; 0.07) | 0.05 (0.04; 0.15) |
| 4 | 0.10 (0.05; 0.17) | 0.08 (0.05; 0.21) | |
| 8 | 0.11 (0.04; 0.18) | 0.08 (0.05; 0.12) | |
| TC (mmol/L) |
baseline | 3.83 (3.58; 4,31) | 3.86 (3.52; 4.75) |
| 4 | 4.35 (3.42; 4.65) | 3.81 (3.49; 4.83) | |
| 8 | 4.26 (3.91; 4.72) | 3.93 (3.66; 4.50) | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) |
baseline | 1.39 (1.22; 1.91) | 1.44 (1.22; 1.78) |
| 4 | 1.39 (1.18; 1.69) | 1.40 (1.09; 1.62) | |
| 8 | 1.53 (1.36; 1.86) | 1.37 (1.11; 1.78) | |
| non-HDL-C (mmol/L) |
baseline | 2.53 (2.08; 2.99) | 2.44 (1.95; 3.10) |
| 4 | 2.75 (2.08; 3.21) | 2.25 (1.99; 3.28) | |
| 8 | 2.78 (2.65; 3.10) | 2.60 (1.85; 3.13) | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) |
baseline | 2.06 (1.71; 2.52) | 1.84 (1.56; 2.42) |
| 4 | 2.47 (1.80; 2.86) | 1.89 (1.67; 2.92) | |
| 8 | 2.26 (1.76; 2.67) | 2.08 (1.53; 2.71) | |
| TG (mmol/dL) |
baseline | 1.07 (0.89; 1.67) | 0.80 (0.70; 1.30) |
| 4 | 0.76 (0.61; 1.05) | 0.81 (0.69; 1.09) | |
| 8 | 0.97 (0.79; 1.15) | 1.00 (0.68; 1.54) | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) |
baseline | 4.54 ± 2.97 | 6.99 ± 5,61 |
| 4 | 4.62 ± 3.39 | 6.01 ± 4.30 | |
| 8 | 5.14 ± 3.42 * | 6.35 ± 4.74 | |
| Leptin (ng/mL) |
baseline | 3.10 ±1.75 | 5.09 ± 5.27 |
| 4 | 1.86 ± 1.63 | 3.23 ± 3.78 | |
| 8 | 2.41 ± 2.25 | 2.78 ± 3.16 | |
| Irisin (µg/mL) |
baseline | 8.85 ± 3.36 | 9.16 ± 2.74 |
| 4 | 8.11 ± 3.24 | 8.04 ± 3.47 | |
| 8 | 6.88 ± 2.64 | 6.59 ± 3.14 |
Abbreviations: PD—Paleo diet, CD—control diet, Me—median, Q1—upper quartile, Q3—lower quartile, SD—standard deviation, FFA—free fatty acids, β-HB-beta hydroxybutyrate, TC—total cholesterol, HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-C—non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG—triglycerides, *—statistically significant intragroup differences compared with the baseline at the level p < 0.05.