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. 2023 Sep 30;15(19):4230. doi: 10.3390/nu15194230

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of different probiotic supplements on serum neurotransmitters in mice. (A) mouse motilin, MTL; (B) gastrin, Gas; (C) substance p, SP; (D) vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP; (E) somatostatin, SS; (F) Peptide YY, PYY; (G) acetylcholine, Ach; (H) 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test for the control and strain groups compared with the model group; n = 10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.