Table 1.

Extraction methods and parameters of polysaccharides extraction from fungal TCM.

Fungi Name	Polysaccharide Extraction Method	Parameters	Total Yield (%)	Reference
Ganoderma lucidum	Continuous phase transition extraction	The air-dried fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted according to the following conditions: distilled water, 100 °C, 4 h, and flow rate of 28 L/h	7.13%	[34]
Red Ganoderma lucidum	Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction	Enzyme concentration, 3%; pH, 5.5; extraction temperature, 45 °C; extraction time, 30 min; ultrasonic power, 480 W	The highest content of polysaccharides was 32.08 mg/g	[35]
Cordeceps sinensis	Internal boiling method	Resolver concentration, 90%; parse time, 1 min; extractant volume, 60 mL; extract time, 4 min; 100 °C	2.37%	[36]
Ophiocordyceps sinensis	Microwave extraction	Mesh number, 80; 1:26 (g/mL); 3 times; microwave power, 330 W; microwave time, 4 min	9.06%	[37]
Cordyceps militaris	Water extraction	Shaking (150 rpm); 1: 10 (w/v); 24 h; twice	4.95%	[38]
Cordyceps militaris	Alkali extraction	Extraction solvent, 0.5 M NaOH solution; 8 volumes; 95 °C; 3 h; twice	N/A	[39]
Poria	Steam blasting pretreatment, water extraction and alcohol precipitation	Steam blasting pressure, 2.0 MPa; dwell time, 60 s; 1:50 (g/mL); 60 °C; 120 min	1.95%	[40]
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf	Dilute alkali leaching	4 °C; 0.15 M NaOH solution	72.656% (polysaccharide content)	[42]
Poria cocos	Combined enzyme extraction method	Cellulase, 2.5%; hemicellulose, 2.5%; beta-glucanase, 5%; 90 min; 50 °C; pH 5.0	6.13%	[43]
Poria cocos	Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction	Combined enzyme addition amount (cellulase:papain = 4:1), 7.60%; 1:44 (g/mL); pH 4.90	10.42%	[44]
Polyporus umbellatus	Ultrasonic-assisted extraction	Extraction temperature, 72 °C; extraction power, 300 W; extraction time, 65 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 22 mL/g	2.47%	[45]
Polyporus umbellatus	Microwave-assisted extraction	Extraction time, 2.5 min; microwave power, 614 W; pH 6.6; liquid-to-solid ratio, 30:1	6.75%	[46]
Polyporus umbellatus	Hot distilled water extraction	Pretreated with 80% ethanol for 24 h; hot distilled water, 90 °C; twice; 4 h	N/A	[47]
Polyporus umbellatus	Alkali solution extraction	2% sodium hydroxide containing 2% of urea	N/A	[48]
Polyporus umbellatus	Enzymatic coupled with ultrasonic-assisted extraction	Cellulose:pectinase = 1:1; 50 °C; pH = 6.5, 60 min; additional 30 min of ultrasonic treatment	7.48%	[49]
Omphalia	Water extraction	Extraction temperature, 100 °C; extraction time, 93 min; the water/solid ratio, 21:1; twice	23.12%	[50]
Omphalia	Cellulose enzymolysis	Enzymolysis temperature of 40 °C; cellulose addition, 0.08%; enzymolysis time, 90 min	3.57%	[51]
Lasiosphaera fenzlii	Ultrasound-assisted extraction	Liquid-to-solid ratio, 30:1; reflux time, 53.77 min; extraction temperature, 58.33 °C	4.01%	[54]
Lasiosphaera puffball	Snailase-assisted extraction	Extraction temperature, 35 °C; extraction time, 120 min; snailase addition, 5.0%; pH 6.0	0.908%	[55]
Lasiosphaera puffball	High-temperature water extraction and alcohol precipitation as well as wall-breaking method	Breaking speed, 600 rpm; extraction time, 2.5 h; extraction temperature, 100 °C; liquid-to-solid ratio, 20:1	1.065%	[56]