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. 2023 Oct 5;16(19):6563. doi: 10.3390/ma16196563

Table 2.

Ash composition of the coals and raw biomass.

Type of Material Coals Woody Biomass Lignocellulosic Wastes
Code Sample LVC HVC EU AB OW
Na2O (%) 0.65 0.48 1.82 4.19 4.89
K2O (%) 1.90 2.02 1.97 38.30 3.15
CaO (%) 4.49 3.08 11.82 9.28 25.10
MgO (%) 2.06 1.57 3.99 8.01 3.09
Fe2O3 (%) 6.08 6.40 28.74 0.70 3.26
MnO (%) 0.10 0.06 nd <0.001 0.29
P2O5 (%) 0.66 0.17 0.62 26.90 1.60
ZnO (%) 0.12 0.23 <0.10 0.27 0.27
Al2O3 (%) 23.02 22.25 18.96 1.15 6.44
SiO2 (%) 57.37 59.89 32.10 5.78 39.85
TiO2 (%) 0.24 1.06 0.26 <0.01 5.01
Basicity index -BI- 2.01 0.93 0.15 20.04 0.82