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Fractional weight gain in male (a) and female (b) offspring during the neonatal period. Optimal offspring (full circles, n = 21 males and n = 20 females) and low offspring (open circles, n = 17 males and n = 17 females). Data are presented as group means ± SD with * indicating significance at p < 0.05. Data were analysed using repeated measures of mixed-effects two-way ANOVA.
