Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Males (n = 2456) | Females (n = 5439) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years old | 59 ± 13 | 56 ± 12 | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 21.8 ± 3.3 | <0.0001 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n (%) | 592 (24.1) | 807 (14.8) | <0.0001 |
| Postmenopausal, n (%) * | ― | 3508 (64.8) | ― |
| Currently smoking, n (%) | 550 (22.4) | 201 (3.7) | <0.0001 |
| Drinking ≥ 4 day/week, n (%) | 1229 (50.0) | 672 (12.4) | <0.0001 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Acti-ODI3%, events/h | 11.5 ± 9.0 | 6.5 ± 5.4 | <0.0001 |
| The severity of SDB *, Normal/mild/moderate/severe, n (%) |
486/1403/453/114 (19.8/57.1/18.4/4.6) |
2803/2273/321/42 (51.5/41.8/5.9/0.8) |
<0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1081 (44.9) | 1549 (29.1) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 269 (11.0) | 228 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1020 (50.7) | 2111 (46.9) | 0.0049 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 747 (30.6) | 477 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| Menopausal status, pre/post, n (%) | 1909/3508 (35.2/64.8) |
― | ― |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD or numbers. * The severity of SDB was defined as follows: normal, 5 > Acti-ODI3%; mild, 15 > Acti-ODI3% ≥ 5; moderate, 30 > Acti-ODI3% ≥ 15; severe, Acti-ODI3% ≥ 30. Data were obtained from 7743 subjects for hypertension, 7892 for diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, and 6517 for metabolic syndrome. Menopausal status was obtained from 5417 subjects. BMI, body mass index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; SDB, sleep-disordered breathing.