Table 2.
Participant characteristics of post-menopausal women overall and by quartiles of E-DII scores.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 272) |
Q1 (n = 68) |
Q2 (n = 68) |
Q3 (n = 68) |
Q4 (n = 68) |
p Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Variables Mean (SD) | ||||||
| E-DII Mean (SD) | −2.0 ± (1.9) | −4.0 ± (0.5) | −2.8 ± (0.2) | −1.7 ± (0.4) | 0.6 ± (1.2) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | 54.7 ± 3.3 | 54.7 ± 3.7 | 54.8 ± 3.1 | 54.7 ± 3.4 | 54.5 ± 3.0 | 0.74 |
| Calcium intake, mg | 1396.4 ± 604.2 | 1584.4 ± 620.2 | 1384.1 ± 572.7 | 1219.7 ± 533.0 | 1378.4 ± 640.7 | 0.01 † |
| Categorical Variables n (%) | ||||||
|
BMI category ≤24.9 kg/m2 25–29.9 kg/m2 ≥30 kg/m2 |
124 (46) 71 (26) 77 (28) |
39 (57) 13 (19) 16 (24) |
34 (50) 16 (24) 18 (26) |
26 (38) 18 (26) 24 (35) |
25 (37) 24 (35) 19 (28) |
0.13 |
|
Education Some college or less College degree Master’s or doctorate |
66 (22) 145 (54) 66 (24) |
14 (21) 34 (50) 20 (29) |
16 (24) 40 (60) 11 (16) |
16 (24) 37 (54) 15 (22) |
14 (21) 34 (50) 20 (29) |
0.62 |
|
Race White/non-Hispanic Non-white/other |
241 (89) 31 (11) |
56 (82) 12 (18) |
63 (93) 5 (7) |
61 (90) 7 (10) |
61 (90) 7 (10) |
0.27 |
|
Smoking status Ever smoker Never smoker |
56 (24) 176 (76) |
18 (30) 43 (70) |
12 (20) 49 (80) |
11 (21) 41 (79) |
15 (26) 43 (74) |
0.58 |
| Family history of osteoporosis | ||||||
| Yes No |
118 (44) 149 (56) |
36 (54) 31 (46) |
25 (37) 41 (63) |
31 (46) 36 (54) |
26 (39) 40 (61) |
0.21 |
|
Physical activity Inactive Minimal HEPA |
89 (33) 92 (34) 90 (33) |
18 (27) 21 (31) 28 (42) |
14 (21) 26 (38) 28 (41) |
27 (40) 21 (31) 20 (29) |
30 (44) 24 (35) 14 (21) |
0.02 |
* ANOVA with pairwise comparison for continuous variables; chi-square for categorical variables. † Pairwise comparison shows significant difference between Q1 and Q3, adjusted p = 0.007. Abbreviations: E-DII: Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; BMI: body mass index; HEPA: health-enhancing physical activity.