| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| ICCR | International Cosmetic Regulatory |
| CFUs/g | Colony-Forming Units/gram |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| EFSA | European Food Safety Authority |
| S. thermophilus | Streptococcus thermophilus |
| L. plantarum | Lactobacillus plantarum |
| HK L-137 | Heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 |
| HA | Hyaluronic acid |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| VE | Vitamin E |
| Q10 | Coenzyme Q10 |
| MMPs | Matrix metalloproteinases |
| AL | Lactobacillus acidophilus KCCM12625P |
| HDF | Human dermal fibroblasts |
| RL | Heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus |
| NMN | β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide |
| LAB | Lactic acid bacteria |
| CAT | Catalase |
| EPS | Exopolysaccharides |
| PL | Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
| EVs | Extracellular vesicles |
| IL-10 | Interleukin 10 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin 8 |
| ACE | Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| BL | Bifidobacterium longum |
| AD | Atopic dermatitis |
| HT La1 | Heat-treated cosmetic lotions containing Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 |
| AE | Acanthopanax Korean root |
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