Table 1.
Participant Characteristics, Physical Activity Characteristics, Mental Health, Sleep, and Immunophenotype at Baseline.
| Variable |
CB
(Pre, n = 14) |
CN
(Pre, n = 14) |
Male
(n = 14) |
Female
(n = 14) |
| Participant Characteristics | ||||
| Age (yr) | 24.8 ± 5.5 | 27.1 ± 6.7 | 26.9 ± 5.1 | 25.0 ± 7.0 |
| Sex (M/F) | 6.0/8.0 | 8.0/6.0 | ||
| Height (cm) | 161.7 ± 29.7 | 172.0 ± 9.5 | 176.5 ± 7.0 | 164.3 ± 8.0 ** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 3.0 | 25.1 ± 2.7 | 24.4 ± 3.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.4 ± 15.6 | 72.8 ± 9.1 | 78.4 ± 11.0 | 65.7 ± 11.0 ** |
| Lean Body Mass (kg) | 55.9 ± 13.0 | 58.5 ± 9.7 | 66.9 ± 6.6 | 47.5 ± 4.7 ** |
| Body Fat (%) | 21.5 ± 8.1 | 19.3 ± 9.8 | 14.0 ± 5.8 | 26.8 ± 6.4 ** |
| Physical Activity Characteristics | ||||
| Vigorous Activity (# Days) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 1.8 * | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.8 |
| Vigorous Activity (min) | 61.4 ± 50.5 | 95.7 ± 116.2 | 77.9 ± 50.1 | 79.3 ± 119.0 |
| Moderate Activity (# Days) | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 4.0 ± 2.2 | 4.9 ± 1.9 |
| Moderate Activity (min) | 46.1 ± 32.7 | 57.9 ± 35.3 | 53.9 ± 37.2 | 50.0 ± 31.6 |
| Walking (# Days) | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 0.9 |
| Time Spent Walking (min) | 94.3 ± 97.4 | 93.9 ± 109.4 | 92.9 ± 111.2 | 95.4 ± 95.2 |
| Sitting (hr) | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 2.5 |
| Mental Health Measures | ||||
| Variable |
CB
(Pre, n = 14) |
CN
(Pre, n = 14) |
||
| Beck’s Depression Inventory | 5.3 ± 4.2 | 3.6 ± 3.1 | ||
| General Anxiety Disorder-7 | 7.9 ± 6.6 | 4.3 ± 4.7 | ||
| Piper Fatigue Scale | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | ||
| Behavioral/Severity | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | ||
| Affective Meaning | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 2.3 | ||
| Sensory | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | ||
| Cognitive/Mood | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | ||
| Quality of Life Index | 19.0 ± 1.9 | 20.1 ± 1.5 | ||
| Health and Functioning | 24.0 ± 3.8 | 25.3 ± 3.6 | ||
| Social and Economic | 22.4 ± 4.1 | 24.4 ± 3.5 | ||
| Psychological/Spiritual | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 25.5 ± 3.8 | ||
| Family | 20.5 ± 7.7 | 24.8 ± 3.9 | ||
| Sleep Measures | ||||
| Minutes Asleep (min) | 398.7 ± 49.5 | 377.0 ± 78.7 | ||
| Minutes Awake (min) | 55.4 ± 10.5 | 49.3 ± 13.1 | ||
| Wake Episodes | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 23.9 ± 8.9 | ||
| Time in Bed (min) | 454.1 ± 57.5 | 426.4 ± 90.6 | ||
| Sleep Efficiency (%) | 88.0 ± 1.5 | 88.9 ± 1.5 | ||
| LSEQ | 41.8 ± 12.1 | 48.7 ± 15.7 | ||
| GTS | 48.1 ± 14.0 | 53.3 ± 19.4 | ||
| QOS | 31.3 ± 24.6 | 43.2 ± 18.2 | ||
| AFS | 39.2 ± 19.7 | 42.8 ± 19.8 | ||
| BFW | 44.2 ± 22.1 | 51.5 ± 19.4 | ||
| Immunophenotype | ||||
| CD3−CD56+ (NK Cells; %) | 11.7 ± 6.6 | 10.8 ± 5.0 | ||
| CD3−CD56++ (CD56bright NK Cells; %) | 4.8 ± 3.0 | 2.8 ± 2.9 | ||
| CD3+CD56+ (NKT Cells; %) | 5.8 ± 2.6 | 5.9 ± 4.2 | ||
| CD3+CD56− (T-Cells; %) | 51.7 ± 9.7 | 50.0 ± 9.2 | ||
Values presented are mean ± SD. Abbreviations: CB—Cannabidiol, CN—Control, Pre—Pre-Intervention, yr—year, M/F—male/female, BMI—Body Mass Index, kg/m2—kg per meters squared, cm—centimeters, kg—kilograms, %—percent, # days—days performed activity in the past week, Activity min—minutes of activity per day, min—minutes, hr—hours per day, GTS—getting to sleep, QOS—quality of sleep, AFS—awake following sleep, BFW—behavior following wakening, NK—natural killer, NKT—natural killer T. *—indicates significant differences between groups (CB, CN; p < 0.05), **—indicates significant differences between groups (M, F; p < 0.05) at the pre-intervention time point.