Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Parameters | SG | DG | DSG | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 19 | 18 | 18 | |
| Men | 4 | 4 | 6 | |
| Women | 15 | 14 | 12 | |
| Age (years) | 40.6 ± 10.0 | 42.0 ± 8.85 | 44.6 ± 13.4 | 0.528 |
| Body Weight (kg) | 73.8 ± 10.2 | 81.3 ± 13.7 | 74.3 ± 10.5 | 0.095 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 3.5 | 30.6 ± 4.2 | 28.0 ± 3.4 | 0.059 |
| Body Fat Mass (kg) | 27.4 ± 9.3 | 32.3 ± 8.9 | 25.9 ± 6.5 | 0.062 |
| Trunk Fat Mass (kg) | 15.3 ± 5.5 | 18.1 ± 4.8 | 14.7 ± 3.8 | 0.085 |
| Visceral Fat Rating | 10.1 ± 3.5 | 12.0 ± 3.8 | 10.7 ± 3.9 | 0.028 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 0.124 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 104.8 ± 73.6 | 101.2 ± 50.0 | 87.1 ± 28.8 | 0.584 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.3 ± 2.6 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.726 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 0.398 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.575 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.453 |
| TC/HDL-C | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 0.671 |
| TG/HDL-C | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.453 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 0.071 |
One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for intergroup comparison. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: HDL-cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; CRP: C-reactive protein.