Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population. * = significant at p < 0.05.
| 400 IU/day | 2000 IU/day | 4000 IU/day | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race n(%) | ||||
| African American | 16 (29.6%) | 16 (32.7%) | 18 (34.0%) | 0.59 |
| Caucasian | 17 (31.5%) | 10 (20.4%) | 17 (32.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 21 (38.9%) | 23 (46.9%) | 18 (34.0%) | |
| Maternal Marital Status n(%) | ||||
| Single | 30 (56.6%) | 26 (53.1%) | 27 (50.9%) | 0.84 |
| Married | 23 (43.4%) | 23 (46.9%) | 26 (49.1%) | |
| Maternal Education n(%) | ||||
| Less Than High School | 6 (12.2%) | 11 (23.9%) | 9 (17.7%) | 0.69 |
| High School | 9 (18.4%) | 7 (15.2%) | 9 (17.7%) | |
| College | 34 (69.4%) | 28 (60.9%) | 33 (64.7%) | |
| Insurance Status n(%) | ||||
| Private | 22 (41.5%) | 13 (26.5%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0.38 |
| Medicaid | 11 (20.8%) | 15 (30.6%) | 16 (30.2%) | |
| None | 20 (37.7%) | 21 (42.9%) | 16 (30.2%) | |
| Sex of Child n(%) | ||||
| Female | 27 (50.0%) | 20 (40.8%) | 28 (52.8%) | 0.45 |
| Male | 27 (50.0%) | 29 (59.2%) | 25 (47.2%) | |
| APGAR Scores (median, IQR) | ||||
| 1-min | 8.0 (IQR 8.0–9.0) | 8.0 (IQR 8.0–9.0) | 8.0 (IQR 8.0–9.0) | 0.59 |
| 5-min | 9.0 (IQR 9.0–9.0) | 9.0 (IQR 9.0–9.0) | 9.0 (IQR 9.0–9.0) | 0.69 |
| Birth Characteristics (mean + SD, range) | ||||
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 38.8 ± 2.4 (Range 28.3–41.3) |
38.7 ± 2.1 (Range 27.2–41.3) |
38.8 ± 2.0 (Range 27.0–41.0) |
0.94 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3174.9 ± 693.8 (Range 935.0–4961.0) |
3411.6 ± 635.9 (Range 1113.0–4701.0) |
3195.5 ± 664.3 (Range 948.0–4621.0) |
0.14 |
| # SGA (n, %) | 9 (17.0%) | 2 (4.1%) | 5 (9.62%) | 0.10 |
| Infant Feeding Status n(%) | ||||
| Breastfed | 35 (67.3%) | 25 (52.1%) | 32 (64.0%) | 0.42 |
| Formula Fed | 9 (17.3%) | 10 (20.8%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
| Mixed | 8 (15.4%) | 13 (27.1%) | 12 (24.0%) | |
| 25(OH) Vitamin D (mean + SD) | ||||
| Maternal initial prenatal visit 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 24.3 ± 13.0 | 22.0 ± 7.7 | 21.8 ± 8.7 | 0.57 |
| Maternal 25(OH)D (ng/mL) 1 month before delivery | 32.5 ± 14.4 | 40.2 ± 15.2 | 44.7 ± 14.4 | <0.001 |
| Offspring Birth 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 17.2 ± 9.0 (Range 3.6–40.0) |
22.2 ± 9.3 (Range 5.5–45.3) |
27.7 ± 9.5 (Range 6.8–47.8) |
<0.001 * |
| Offspring 3–5 year 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 30.2 ± 8.6 | 28.1 ± 10.83 | 27.7 ± 12.6 | 0.20 |