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. 2023 Oct 9;15(19):4029. doi: 10.3390/polym15194029

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The starfish-mimetic actuating device. (a) The anisotropic structure of the starfish-mimetic actuating device. (b) The synchronized upward bending of the legs of the starfish. (c) The one-by-one bending of the starfish legs. (d) The turning-over process of the starfish. (e) Illustration of the continuous crawling movement of the starfish. (f) The continuous forward crawling movement and (g) the crawling movement in different directions of the starfish. Reprinted with permission from [65].