Table 3.

MEMS applications in SHM.

MEMS Sensor Domain	Application
Acceleration/vibration/Sound/Strain/Stress/Load	➢Crack formation and progression in bridges and concrete structures, which can happen due to varying rates and amounts of drying, shrinkage, loading, creep, and other thermophysical effects.
Temperature	➢Monitoring temperature during setting and curing of concrete mix. ➢Thermal cracking due to uneven thermal distribution. ➢Hydration process during curing
Moisture	➢Detecting the presence of water or vapors present in cracks which can cause accelerated corrosion and carbonation. ➢Structural integrity due to volumetric changes during freeze–thaw cycles