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. 2023 Oct 5;15(19):4001. doi: 10.3390/polym15194001

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(A) Illustration of the preparation of PAM/CMC/NaCl composite hydrogels (ⅰ); diagrams of hydrogel before and after loading (ⅱ); conductivity of hydrogels with various compositions (ⅲ). Reproduced with permission [84]. (B) Preparation processes of the ionic conductive cellulose–BT hydrogels (ⅰ) and conductivity of different hydrogels (ⅱ). Reprinted from ref. [85]. (C) Illustration of the preparation of PAAS microgel/PAAm hydrogels (ⅰ); picture showing a gel withstand the 5 kg weight (ⅱ); conductivity of various hydrogels with different compositions (ⅲ). Reproduced with permission from [87].