. 2023 Oct 13;18(10):e0292843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292843

Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients of variables (n = 238).

Variables^a	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Constructive learning	-
2. Self-directed learning	.81^**	-
3. Contextual learning	.82^**	.79^**	-
4. Collaborative learning	.69^**	.72^**	.73^**	-
5. Interpersonal behavior	.68^**	.66^**	.72^**	.73^**	-
6. Behavioral engagement	.59^**	.53^**	.55^**	.47^**	.47^**	-
7. Emotional engagement	.51^**	.44^**	.48^**	.46^**	.49^**	.63^**	-
8. Cognitive engagement	.53^**	.50^**	.53^**	.49^**	.50^**	.71^**	.72^**	-
9. Performance self-efficacy	.21^**	.21^**	.22^**	.14^*	.22^**	.27^**	.29^**	.30^**	-
Mean	4.17	4.16	4.14	4.04	3.88	4.15	3.59	3.81	5.30
Standard deviation	.66	.74	.72	.74	.86	.57	.72	.71	1.85

Note: *p < .05

**p < .01

^aPossible range for tutor effectiveness and learning engagement: 1–5 and performance self-efficacy: 1–9.