Table 4. Results of one-way ANCOVA.
| Outcome variables | Latent classes | M (SD) | Adjusted M | F |
P value |
Partial eta2 | Post-hoc tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Engagement | Class 1 | 3.55 (.62) | 3.58 | 72.60 | < .001 | .38 | Class 3 > Class 2*** Class 3 > Class 1*** Class 2 > Class 1*** |
| Class 2 | 3.98 (.43) | 3.99 | |||||
| Class 3 | 4.65 (.37) | 4.62 | |||||
| Emotional Engagement | Class 1 | 3.03 (.57) | 3.09 | 33.64 | < .001 | .22 | Class 3 > Class 2*** Class 3 > Class 1*** Class 2 > Class 1* |
| Class 2 | 3.41 (.60) | 3.42 | |||||
| Class 3 | 4.09 (.67) | 4.05 | |||||
| Cognitive Engagement | Class 1 | 3.15 (.66) | 3.21 | 37.87 | < .001 | .24 | Class 3 > Class 2*** Class 3 > Class 1*** Class 2 > Class 1** |
| Class 2 | 3.64 (.54) | 3.66 | |||||
| Class 3 | 4.30 (.69) | 4.26 |
Note: *p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001; M: Mean, SD: Standard Deviation; Class 1: Students who perceived tutors as lowly effective, Class 2: Students who perceived tutors as moderately effective, Class 3: Students who perceived tutors as highly effective.