Table 1. Descriptive summary of included articles to pool possible risk factors of congenital anomalies in low resource setting, 2022.

Authors	Year	Design	Study area	Sample size	Number of cases	inclusion criteria of cases
Abebe et al. [39]	2021	Case-control	Southwestern Ethiopia	1,138	251	Live birth or fresh stillbirth
Bekalu et al. [36]	2019	Cross-sectional	Jimma	754	31	Total births with CAs
Eshete et al. [38]	2020	Case-control	Addis Ababa	116	3215	Total births with CAs
Feredegn et al. [33]	2018	Cross-sectional	Addis Ababa	271	97	Live births
Gedamu et al. [31]	2021	Cross-sectional	Bishoftu	2,218	23	Live births
Jemal et al. [37]	2021	Case-control	Arsi	418	105	Total births externally visible defects
Mekonnen et al. [30]	2021	Cross-sectional	Bahir Dar	11,177	69	Total births with CAs
Musa et al. [34]	2020	Cross-sectional	Addis Ababa	116	71	Live births
Silesh et al. [35]	2021	Cross-sectional	Jimma	3,346	199	Live births
Taye et al. [32]	2019	Cross-sectional	Addis Ababa and Amhara	76,201	1518	Live births