Table 3.
Associations of prepubertal phthalate concentrations and trajectory group membership
| Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis |
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slower vs. Faster OR (95% CI) | Slower vs. Moderate OR (95% CI) | Moderate vs. Faster OR (95% CI) | Slower vs. Moderate vs. Faster OR (95% CI) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Phthalate | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
| MEP | 1.05 (0.76, 1.44) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.33) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.31) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) |
| MnBP | 1.02 (0.74, 1.40) | 0.94 (0.69, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.25) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) |
| MiBP | 1.00 (0.73, 1.38) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.21) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.33) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) |
| MBzP | * 1.32 (0.95, 1.84) | 1.47 (1.06, 2.04) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) | 1.21 (0.92, 1.60) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.47) | 1.21 (0.90, 1.63) | * 1.21 (0.98, 1.49) | 1.29 (1.03, 1.60) |
| MCPP | 1.15 (0.83, 1.58) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.44) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.53) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.31) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.29) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) |
| ΣDEHP | 1.14 (0.82, 1.59) | 1.05 (0.74, 1.47) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.33) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | 1.10 (0.81, 1.49) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) |
| ΣDiNP | 1.19 (0.86, 1.65) | 1.14 (0.82, 1.60) | 1.20 (0.92, 1.55) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.46) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.35) | 1.03 (0.75, 1.40) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) |
| ΣDiDP | 0.87 (0.63, 1.21) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.28) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.13) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.49) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) |
| ΣAA | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.36) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.27) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.47) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.46) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.21) |
Bold indicates that the confidence interval does not include 1; italic and
indicates p-value < 0.10
Phthalates were log-transformed and standardized by the standard deviation of their log transformation; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; Adjusted confounders included boys’ age at enrollment, WHO age-adjusted BMI z-score, total calories consumed per day, birthweight, duration of breast feeding, monthly family income, and highest parental education; MEP: Monoethyl; MnBP: Mono-n-butyl; MiBP: Mono-isobutyl; MBzP: Monobenzyl; MCPP: Mono-(3-carboxypropyl); DEHP: Di(2-ethylhexyl) Metabolites; DiNP: Di-iso-nonylphthalate Metabolites; DiDP: Diisodecyl Metabolites; AA: Anti-androgenic phthalates; The proportional odds assumption held for all ordinal models (p > 0.05)