Abstract
Objectives
To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles on temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and investigate the achievement and development of scientific research about the topic through a bibliometric analysis.
Materials and Methods
On August 22, 2022, a computerized database search was performed to detect papers published in the scientific literature about TADs from 2012 to 2022. Metrics data were identified using the Incites Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics) data set. The Scopus database was used to obtain information on the authors’ affiliations, country of origin, and h-index. Key words were automatically harvested from the selected articles to implement the visualized analysis.
Results
From a total of 1858 papers screened by searching the database, a list of the top 50 most cited articles was created. The total number of citations collected by the 50 most cited articles in TADs was 2380. Among the 50 most cited articles on TADs, 38 were original research papers (76.0%) and 12 were reviews (24.0%). As shown by the key word–network analysis, Orthodontic anchorage procedure was identified as the larger node.
Conclusions
Findings of this bibliometric study showed an increasing number of citations for papers on TADs, accompanied by a simultaneous rise in scientific interest in this topic in the past decade. The present work identifies the most influential articles, emphasizing the journals, the authors, and the topics addressed.
Keywords: Temporary anchorage devices, Miniscrew, Skeletal anchorage, Bibliometric analysis, Network analysis
INTRODUCTION
Anchorage, defined as resistance to unwanted tooth movement, is the cornerstone of the orthodontic force system, and strategies for its control should be considered a significant factor in planning and achieving successful treatment.1 Evolving from the work of Roberts et al.2 on tissue response to orthodontic forces applied to restorative implants, orthodontic bone anchorage has attained widespread use in recent years and has had a major impact on treatment to provide intraoral anchorage, adding an entirely new scope for orthodontic practice.3–5
Orthodontic bone anchorage can be obtained through mechanically retentive devices, such as miniscrews and miniplates.6 Since these temporary anchorage devices (TADs) use osseous physical engagement for stability, osseointegration is neither expected nor desired, although studies have shown that a limited and variable level (10–58%) of osseointegration could occur.6,7 Therefore, the effectiveness of miniscrews is related to primary stability, which has become a major issue to be investigated. Several factors could be related to their permanency, such as bone thickness, oral hygiene, smoking, insertion site, miniscrew design factors, type of mucosa (keratinized and nonkeratinized), and other patient-related factors.6,8
TADs have been widely used in the orthodontic field in recent years because of their capability to reduce the need for patient compliance and increase the number of treatment options to better match esthetic and occlusal treatment goals.3–5
As a result, a significant increase in research activity has been observed over the past decade, in line with the growing number of publications, on TADs.4,5 The large number of publications creates difficulties for researchers in obtaining high-quality information, and bibliometric analysis is a mathematical and statistical method that assesses the interrelationships and impact of published papers within a specific scientific research area.9,10
Thus, despite the variety of research topics on TADs,3–8 bibliometric and visual analysis could help to identify the hot topics in this research field and the direction of scientific development in this specific field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the 50 most cited papers to provide a clearer scientific scenario for physicians that might improve the clinical research on this orthodontic device.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
On August 22, 2022, an independent database search was conducted to find papers published in the scientific literature about TADs during the past 10 years (from 2012 to 2022). The following research query was developed: ((“orthodontic*” OR “orthodontic treatment” OR “orthognatic*”) AND (“TAD*” OR “temporary anchorage device*” OR “miniimplant*” OR “skeletal anchorage” OR “miniscrew*” OR “microimplant”)), and the Scopus database was searched (Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Two reviewers independently screened the papers according to titles, abstracts, and full text to determine study eligibility. In case of disagreement, consensus was achieved through a third reviewer.
Using the Incites Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics), the following journal-based bibliometric parameters were collected: 2021 Journal Impact Factor (JIF); quartile of the Category “Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine,” according to Web of Science Core Collection (when it was available); Eigenfactor Score; Normalized Eigenfactor; article influence score; 5-Year Journal Impact Factor (5-JIF); Immediacy Index.
Key words were automatically retrieved from the data set based on bibliographic data and used to create a cooccurrence network. Key words were counted using full counting, meaning that each co-occurrence link received the same weight. To eliminate repetition, two authors carefully reviewed and amended all of the terms to construct a bespoke thesaurus. VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands) was used to map key words. The nodes represented the key words, the edges represented the key word association, and the distance between nodes generally reflected relationships among the nodes.
RESULTS
From the research query, 1858 papers were identified. After applying a limitation filter to find papers from 2012 to 2022, 1274 papers were obtained, which are listed from the most cited to the least cited paper in Table 1,11–60 with the total number of citations collected being 2380. Thirty-eight were original research papers (76.0%), and 12 were reviews (24.0%). Ten of the reviews were systematic reviews (20.0%), of which 6 were with meta-analyses (12.0%). Among the original articles, 14 were prospective studies (28%), 8 were finite element analysis studies (16%), 5 were retrospective studies (10%), 4 were case reports (8%), 2 were in vitro studies (4%), 2 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (4%), and 3 were animal studies (6%). Figure 1 displays further details. The papers on TADs were published in 16 different scientific journals, and 9 (56.25%) were in the category “Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine,” as depicted by Table 2.
Table 1.
The 50 Most Cited Articles Regarding Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs)a
|
Ranking Position |
Title |
Authors |
Journal |
Total Citations |
Year of Publication |
Study Design |
| 1 | Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: A meta-analysis11 | Papageorgiou Spyridon | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 182 | 2012 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Zogakis Ioannis | ||||||
| Papadopoulos Moschos | ||||||
| 2 | Comparison of intrusion effects on maxillary incisors among mini implant anchorage, J-hook headgear and utility arch12 | Jain Ravindra Kumar | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research | 107 | 2014 | Prospective study |
| Kumar Sridhar Prem | ||||||
| Manjula | ||||||
| 3 | Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult13 | Carlson Chuck | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 92 | 2016 | Case report |
| Sung Jay | ||||||
| McComb Ryan | ||||||
| MacHado André Wilson | ||||||
| Moon Won | ||||||
| 4 | Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults14 | Choi Sunghwan | Angle Orthodontist | 78 | 2016 | Retrospective study |
| Shi Kyung-keun | ||||||
| Cha Jung Yul | ||||||
| Park Youngchel | ||||||
| Lee Kee-joon | ||||||
| 5 | Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE)15 | Brunetto Daniel Paludo | Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics | 77 | 2017 | Case report |
| Eduardo Franzzotti Sant’Anna | ||||||
| MacHado André Wilson | ||||||
| Moon Won | ||||||
| 6 | Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva16 | Chang Chris | Angle Orthodontist | 63 | 2015 | Retrospective study |
| Liu Sean Shih Yao | ||||||
| Roberts Wilbur Eugene | ||||||
| 7 | Orthodontic miniscrew failure rate and root proximity, insertion angle, bone contact length, and bone density17 | Watanabe Hisako | Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research | 62 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Deguchi Touru | ||||||
| Hasegawa Masakazu | ||||||
| Ito Mau | ||||||
| Kim Sung-jin | ||||||
| Takano-Yamamoto Teruko | ||||||
| 8 | Effectiveness of orthodontic miniscrew implants in anchorage reinforcement during en-masse retraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis18 | Antoszewska-Smith Joanna | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 59 | 2017 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Sarul Michał | ||||||
| Łyczek Jan | ||||||
| Konopka Tomasz | ||||||
| Kawala Beata | ||||||
| 9 | Stress distribution and displacement by different bone-borne palatal expanders with micro-implants: A three-dimensional finite-element analysis19 | Lee Hye-kyung | European Journal of Orthodontics | 57 | 2014 | Finite element analysis study |
| Bayome Mohamed | ||||||
| Ahn Chee Soo | ||||||
| Kim Seong-Hun | ||||||
| Kim Ki Beom | ||||||
| Mo Sung-Seo | ||||||
| Kook Yoon-Ah | ||||||
| 10 | Palatal bone thickness compared with cone-beam computed tomography in adolescents and adults for mini-implant placement20 | Ryu Jun-ha | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 56 | 2012 | Retrospective study |
| Park Jae-hyun | ||||||
| Vu Thi Thu Trang | ||||||
| Bayome Mohamed | ||||||
| Kim Yoonji | ||||||
| Kook Yoon-Ah | ||||||
| 11 | Outcomes and stability in patients with anterior open bite and long anterior face height treated with temporary anchorage devices and a maxillary intrusion splint21 | Scheffler Nicole | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 53 | 2014 | Prospective study |
| Proffit William | ||||||
| Phillips Ceib | ||||||
| 12 | Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews22 | Bechtold Till | Angle Orthodontist | 52 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Kim Jinwook | ||||||
| Choi Tae-hyun | ||||||
| Park Youngchel | ||||||
| Lee Kee-joon | ||||||
| 13 | Does cortical thickness influence the primary stability of miniscrews? A systematic review and meta-analysis23 | Marquezan Mariana | Angle Orthodontist | 51 | 2014 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Mattos Claudia Trindade | ||||||
| Eduardo Franzzotti Sant’Anna | ||||||
| De Souza Margareth Maria Gomes | ||||||
| Lucianne Cople Maia | ||||||
| 14 | Treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device used with miniscrew anchorage24 | Aslan Belma Işık | Angle Orthodontist | 50 | 2014 | Prospective study |
| Küçükkaraca Ebru | ||||||
| Türköz Çaǧri | ||||||
| Dinçer Müfide | ||||||
| 15 | Application of a new viscoelastic finite element method model and analysis of miniscrew-supported hybrid hyrax treatment25 | Ludwig Björn | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 50 | 2013 | Finite element analysis study |
| Baumgaertel Sebastian | ||||||
| Zorkun Berna | ||||||
| Bonitz Lars | ||||||
| Glasl Bettina A | ||||||
| Wilmes Benedict | ||||||
| Lisson Jörg Alexander | ||||||
| 16 | In vivo determination of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, titanium and vanadium in oral mucosa cells from orthodontic patients with mini-implants by Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)26 | Martín-Cameán Ana | Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology | 48 | 2015 | Prospective study |
| Jos Ángeles | ||||||
| Puerto María | ||||||
| Calleja Ana | ||||||
| Iglesias-Linares Alejandro | ||||||
| Solano-Reina Enrique | ||||||
| Cameán Ana María | ||||||
| 17 | Determinants for success rates of temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: A meta-analysis (n > 50)27 | Dalessandri Domenico | European Journal of Orthodontics | 48 | 2014 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Salgarello Stefano | ||||||
| Dalessandri Michela | ||||||
| Maiorana Carlo | ||||||
| Santoro Franco | ||||||
| 18 | Risks and complications of miniscrew anchorage in clinical orthodontics28 | Kuroda Shingo | Japanese Dental Science Review | 47 | 2014 | Review |
| Tanaka E | ||||||
| 19 | Finite element analysis of miniscrew implants used for orthodontic anchorage29 | Liu Techun | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 47 | 2012 | Finite element analysis study |
| Chang Chih-Han | ||||||
| Wong Tung-Yiu | ||||||
| Liu Jia-Kuang | ||||||
| 20 | Bone anchor systems for orthodontic application: A systematic review30 | Tsui Wai Kin | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | 46 | 2012 | Systematic review |
| Chua Hannah Daile | ||||||
| Cheung Lim Kwong | ||||||
| 21 | Evaluation of optimal length and insertion torque for miniscrews31 | Suzuki Makoto | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 42 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Deguchi Touru | ||||||
| Watanabe Hisako | ||||||
| Seiryu Masahiro | ||||||
| Iikubo Masahiro | ||||||
| Sasano Takashi | ||||||
| Fujiyama Koji | ||||||
| Takano-Yamamoto Teruko | ||||||
| 22 | Three-dimensional finite element analysis of strength, stability, and stress distribution in orthodontic anchorage: A conical, self-drilling miniscrew implant system32 | Singh Shivani | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 42 | 2012 | Finite element analysis study |
| Mogra Subraya | ||||||
| Shetty Vorvady Surendra | ||||||
| Shetty Siddarth | ||||||
| Philip Pramod | ||||||
| 23 | Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics: Systematic review and meta- analysis33 | Alharbi Fahad | European Journal of Orthodontics | 41 | 2018 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Almuzian Mohammed | ||||||
| Bearn David Russell | ||||||
| 24 | Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization34 | Jing Yan | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 41 | 2013 | Case report |
| Han Xianglong | ||||||
| Guo Yongwen | ||||||
| Li Jingyu | ||||||
| Bai Ding | ||||||
| 25 | Miniscrew design and bone characteristics: An experimental study of primary stability35 | Migliorati Marco | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 41 | 2012 | Animal study |
| Benedicenti Stefano | ||||||
| Signori Alessio | ||||||
| Drago Sara | ||||||
| Barberis Fabrizio | ||||||
| Tournier Henry | ||||||
| Silvestrini-Biavati Armando | ||||||
| 26 | Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults36 | Nucera Riccardo | Angle Orthodontist | 40 | 2017 | Retrospective study |
| Lo Giudice Antonino | ||||||
| Bellocchio Angela Mirea | ||||||
| Spinuzza Paola | ||||||
| Caprioglio Alberto | ||||||
| Perillo Letizia | ||||||
| Matarese Giovanni | ||||||
| 27 | Three-dimensional soft-tissue and hard-tissue changes in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion37 | Solem Richard Christian | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 40 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Marasco Richard | ||||||
| Guiterrez-Pulido Luis | ||||||
| Nielsen Ib Leth | ||||||
| Kim Seong-Hun | ||||||
| Nelson Gerald | ||||||
| 28 | Finite element analysis of the effect of force directions on tooth movement in extraction space closure with miniscrew sliding mechanics38 | Kojima Yukio | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 40 | 2012 | Finite element analysis study |
| Kawamura Jun | ||||||
| Fukui Hisao | ||||||
| 29 | Evaluation of miniscrew-supported rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents: A prospective randomized clinical trial39 | Celenk-Koca Tugce | Angle Orthodontist | 38 | 2018 | Randomized controlled trial |
| Erdinç Aslihan Ertan | ||||||
| Hazar Serpil | ||||||
| Harris Lacey | ||||||
| English Jeryl | ||||||
| Akyalçin Sercan | ||||||
| 30 | Evaluation of alveolar cortical bone thickness and density for orthodontic mini-implant placement40 | Cassetta Michele | Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry | 38 | 2013 | Retrospective study |
| Sofan Aisha Ali Abdullah | ||||||
| Altieri Federica | ||||||
| Barbato Ersilia | ||||||
| 31 | Analysis of stress in bone and microimplants during en-masse retraction of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth with different insertion angulations: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis study41 | Jasmine M Issa Fathima | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 37 | 2012 | Finite element analysis study |
| Arif Yezdani Arif | ||||||
| Tajir Faisal | ||||||
| Venu R Murali | ||||||
| 32 | Role of anatomical sites and correlated risk factors on the survival of orthodontic miniscrew implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis42 | Mohammed Hisham | Progress in Orthodontics | 36 | 2018 | Systematic review and meta- analysis |
| Wafaie Khaled | ||||||
| Rizk Mumen | ||||||
| Almuzian Mohammed | ||||||
| Sosly Rami | ||||||
| Bearn David Russell | ||||||
| 33 | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE): The quest for pure orthopedic movement43 | Suzuki Hideo | Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics | 36 | 2016 | Review |
| Moon Won | ||||||
| Previdente Luiz Henrique | ||||||
| Suzuki Selly Sayuri | ||||||
| Garcez Aguinaldo Silva | ||||||
| Consolaro Alberto | ||||||
| 34 | Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment44 | Topouzelis Nikolaos | International Journal of Oral Science | 35 | 2012 | Prospective study |
| Tsaousoglou Phoebus | ||||||
| 35 | Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage45 | Kaku Masato | Angle Orthodontist | 35 | 2012 | Case report |
| Kojima Shunichi | ||||||
| Sumi Hiromi | ||||||
| Koseki Hiroyuki | ||||||
| Abedini Sara | ||||||
| Motokawa Masahide | ||||||
| FujFujita Tadashi | ||||||
| Ohtani Junji | ||||||
| Kawata Toshitsugu | ||||||
| Tanne Kazuo | ||||||
| 36 | Measurement of strain distribution in cortical bone around miniscrew implants used for orthodontic anchorage using digital speckle pattern interferometry46 | Kumar Manoj | Optical Engineering | 34 | 2016 | In vitro study |
| Agarwal Rupali | ||||||
| Bhutani Ravi | ||||||
| Shakher Chandra | ||||||
| 37 | Comparison of tooth displacement between buccal mini-implants and palatal plate anchorage for molar distalization: A finite element study47 | Yu Il-Jun | European Journal of Orthodontics | 33 | 2014 | Finite element study |
| Kook Yoon-Ah | ||||||
| Sung Sang-Jin | ||||||
| Lee Kee-Joon | ||||||
| Chun Youn-Sic | ||||||
| Mo Sung-Seo | ||||||
| 38 | Systematic review of mini-implant displacement under orthodontic loading48 | Nienkemper Manuel | International Journal of Oral Science | 33 | 2014 | Systematic review |
| Handschel Jörg | ||||||
| Drescher Dieter | ||||||
| 39 | Measurement of mini-implant stability using resonance frequency analysis49 | Nienkemper Manuel | Angle Orthodontist | 33 | 2013 | Animal study |
| Wilmes Benedict | ||||||
| Panayotidis Agamemnon | ||||||
| Pauls Alexander Harry | ||||||
| Golubovic Vladimir | ||||||
| Schwarz Frank | ||||||
| Drescher Dieter | ||||||
| 40 | Light emitting diode mediated photobiomodulation therapy improves orthodontic tooth movement and miniscrew stability: A randomized controlled clinical trial50 | Ekizer Abdullah | Lasers in Surgery and Medicine | 32 | 2016 | Randomized controlled trial |
| Türker Gökhan | ||||||
| Uysal Tancan | ||||||
| Güray Enis | ||||||
| Taşdemir Zekeriya | ||||||
| 41 | Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems51 | Şar Çaǧla | Angle Orthodontist | 32 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Kaya Burçak | ||||||
| Özsoy Onur Polat | ||||||
| Arman-Ozcirpici Ayca | ||||||
| 42 | Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic mini-implants on human gingival fibroblasts and mouse osteoblasts52 | Malkoç Sıddık Ik | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 32 | 2012 | In vitro study |
| Öztürk Fırat | ||||||
| Öreki Bayram | ||||||
| Bozkurt Buket S | ||||||
| Hakkı Sema Sezgin | ||||||
| 43 | Effect of molar intrusion with temporary anchorage devices in patients with anterior open bite: A systematic review53 | Alsafadi Ahmad Saleem | Progress in Orthodontics | 31 | 2016 | Systematic review |
| Alabdullah Mohannad | ||||||
| Saltaji Humam | ||||||
| Abdo Anas | ||||||
| Youssef Mohamed | ||||||
| 44 | Effectiveness of maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination: A controlled clinical study54 | Nienkemper Manuel | Angle Orthodontist | 31 | 2015 | Prospective study |
| Wilmes Benedict | ||||||
| Franchi Lorenzo | ||||||
| Drescher Dieter | ||||||
| 45 | Comparison of stainless steel and titanium alloy orthodontic miniscrew implants: A mechanical and histologic analysis55 | Brown Ryan N | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 31 | 2014 | Animal study |
| Sexton Brent E | ||||||
| Gabriel Chu Tien-Min | ||||||
| Katona Thomas R | ||||||
| Stewart Kelton T | ||||||
| Kyung Hee-Moon | ||||||
| Liu Sean Shih-Yao | ||||||
| 46 | Implants for orthodontic anchorage: Success rates and reasons of failures56 | Rodriguez Juan | Implant Dentistry | 31 | 2014 | Systematic review |
| Suarez Fernando | ||||||
| Chan Hsun-Liang | ||||||
| Padial-Molina Miguel | ||||||
| Wang Hom-Lay | ||||||
| 47 | The ideal insertion angle after immediate loading in Jeil, Storm, and Thunder miniscrews: A 3D-FEM study57 | Cozzani Mauro | International Orthodontics | 30 | 2020 | Finite element study |
| Nucci Ludovica | ||||||
| Lupini Daniela | ||||||
| Dolatshahizand Hedieh | ||||||
| Fazeli Delaram | ||||||
| Barzkar Esmaeil | ||||||
| Naeini Ehsan | ||||||
| Jamilian Abdolreza | ||||||
| 48 | Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction58 | Nguyen Tung | Angle Orthodontist | 30 | 2014 | Prospective study |
| Cevidanes Lucia | ||||||
| Paniagua Beatriz | ||||||
| Zhu Hongtu | ||||||
| Koerich Leonardo | ||||||
| De Clerck Hugo | ||||||
| 49 | Accuracy of miniscrew surgical guides assessed from cone-beam computed tomography and digital models59 | Bae Mi-Ju | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 30 | 2013 | Prospective study |
| Kim Ji-Young | ||||||
| Park Jong-Tae | ||||||
| Cha Jung-Yul | ||||||
| Kim Hee-Jin | ||||||
| Yu Hyung-Seog | ||||||
| Hwang Chung-Ju | ||||||
| 50 | Root proximity and cortical bone thickness effects on the success rate of orthodontic micro-implants using cone beam computed tomography60 | Min Kyung-Inna | Angle Orthodontist | 30 | 2012 | Prospective study |
| Kim Sang-Cheola | ||||||
| Kang Kyung-Hwaa | ||||||
| Cho Jin-Hyounga | ||||||
| Lee Eon-Hwaa | ||||||
| Chang Na-Younga | ||||||
| Chae Jong-Moon |
The articles are ordered by number of citations.
Figure 1.
Study design of the 50 most cited papers on temporary anchorage devices.
Table 2.
Journals That Published the 50 Most Cited Articles About Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs)a
|
|
Journal |
2020 Journal Impact Factor |
Quartile of the Category “Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine” |
Eigenfactor Score |
Normalized Eigenfactor |
Article Influence Score |
5-Year Impact Factor |
Immediacy Index |
Number of Manuscripts |
Citations |
| 1 | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics | 2.711 | Q3 | 0.00631 | 1.35013 | 0.742 | 3.345 | 0.579 | 17 | 915 |
| 2 | Angle Orthodontist | 2.684 | Q3 | 0.00402 | 0.85966 | 0.749 | 3.212 | 0.683 | 13 | 563 |
| 3 | European Journal of Orthodontics | 3.131 | Q2 | 0.00315 | 0.67349 | 0.799 | 3.166 | 1.000 | 4 | 179 |
| 4 | Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2 | 113 |
| 5 | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research | N/A | N/A | 0.01121 | 2.39624 | 0.174 | N/A | N/A | 1 | 107 |
| 6 | International Journal of Oral Science | 24.897 | Q1 | 0.00411 | 0.88024 | 2.627 | 13.721 | 0.952 | 2 | 68 |
| 7 | Progress in Orthodontics | 3.247 | Q2 | 0.00177 | 0.37987 | 0.866 | 3.782 | 0.220 | 2 | 67 |
| 8 | Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research | 2.563 | Q3 | 0.00172 | 0.36768 | 0.590 | 2.599 | 0.626 | 1 | 62 |
| 9 | Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology | 3.995 | N/A | 0.00469 | 1.00240 | 0.567 | 4.001 | 0.863 | 1 | 48 |
| 10 | Japanese Dental Science Review | 6.468 | Q1 | 0.00096 | 0.20590 | 1.079 | 5.862 | 0.594 | 1 | 47 |
| 11 | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | 2.986 | Q2 | 0.00795 | 1.69965 | 0.729 | 3.02 | 0.721 | 1 | 46 |
| 12 | Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 | 38 |
| 13 | Optical Engineering | 1.352 | N/A | 0.00643 | 1.37554 | 0.215 | 1.197 | 0.276 | 1 | 34 |
| 14 | Lasers in Surgery and Medicine | 4.025 | N/A | 0.00403 | 0.84511 | 0.767 | 3.881 | 1.241 | 1 | 32 |
| 15 | Implant Dentistry | 3.000 | Q2 | 0.00195 | 0.41703 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 | 31 |
| 16 | International Orthodontics | N/A | N/A | 0.00067 | 0.14437 | 0.223 | N/A | N/A | 1 | 30 |
The journals are ordered by number of citations. N/A indicates not applicable.
DISCUSSION
This was the first bibliometric analysis of the 50 most cited articles on TADs. According to other comparable publications, the size of 50 articles was selected to have a sample size large enough to extract significant information and to graph with significant trendline data. The last 10 years were selected to increase clinical interest in looking at articles with newer protocols, with recognition of the rapid and recent evolution of this technique.61,62
The popularity of TADs has grown in recent years, supported by clinicians and researchers, confirming TADs as valuable tools. Despite the importance of reviews in supporting evidence about a specific topic, only 20% of the articles listed in the present work belong to that category. Secondary studies represent the apex of the research hierarchy, and consequently, they should be the best source for understanding a topic.63 Studies at the bottom of the evidence hierarchy (case reports, animal studies, in vitro studies, finite element analysis) can be found in the list, probably because the topic is relatively young and more time is required to improve the quality of the literature supporting it. Only 3 were RCTs, although this study design could provide the highest quality evidence, probably due to the cost and time required to carry out these types of scientific work.63
Number of Citations
The rate of citations per year has increased during the past decade. This trend in the total number of articles regarding the topic is depicted by Figure 2. It might be relevant to note that the use of citations per year as an indicator might reduce the bias caused by the time frame needed to collect citations related to older articles, considering that time could influence the ranking of article citations. Consequentially, dominant items on the list may be old studies, whereas high-quality, meaningful, and original papers published in recent years could be undervalued. In addition, the use of citations per year as an indicator may indicate that many high-quality articles were published during the decade 2012–2022 and that the quality of these papers has been increasing over the years. On the other hand, the phenomenon of obliteration by incorporation9,10,61,62 should be taken into consideration, which implies that historical scientific research is rarely cited, as the information provided becomes an integral part of clinical medical activity, and researchers may no longer feel the need to cite those studies.
Figure 2.
Number of citations per year received by the 50 most cited papers on temporary anchorage devices.
Journals
The 50 most cited articles were published in 17 different journals, indicating heterogeneity in the source of scientific information regarding the topic. It is relevant to notice that 2 journals (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics and The Angle Orthodontist) collected the majority of the citations (n = 1478, 62.10% of the total amount of citations). This was in line with Bradford’s law, according to which, despite the large number of journals, most of the citations were collected by a few of them.9,10,61,62 This could have been due to many factors. First, multidisciplinary journals, such as medical and engineering journals, have often been awarded with higher journal metrics. Second, journals with a higher JIF often have a rate of publications extremely low and with very strict selection. In addition, some journals are renowned by clinicians and have a larger audience despite their measured scientific impact. Last, some of the journals are open access and promote distribution of published articles and their citations. Despite the higher publication fees often requested by open access journals, researchers are motivated to send their work to these journals due to the larger audience and wider dissemination of articles. Indeed, as reported by Hua et al.,64 open access papers should accelerate research, improve education, and benefit all researchers and practitioners, particularly those in low-income countries and resource-poor institutions.
Key Word Network Analysis
A key word map was built using the terms from the 50 most referenced articles about TADs (Figure 3). Key words are used to express the research field of hotspots; in addition, directions can be reflected in key word co-occurrence. The key word map showed Orthodontic anchorage procedure as the larger node, because this term has been the most used among articles, collecting 39 occurrences and 758 total link strengths. The clinical protocols for using TADs are undoubtedly one of the most relevant matters of focus by clinicians, considering the relatively recent introduction of skeletal anchorage in daily clinical practice.
Figure 3.
Key word network analysis of the 50 most cited papers on temporary anchorage devices.
One of the most recurrent words was palatal expansion. Indeed, seven papers among the 50 most cited articles on TADs discussed miniscrew-supported rapid maxillary expansion, and one paper was on maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination. Scientific literature showed that bone-borne expanders increased the skeletal separation of the midpalatal suture, with a more parallel sutural opening and reduced buccal tipping of the maxillary first molars.15,39 In addition, the use of bone-borne palatal expanders has enabled midpalatal suture disjunction, even in the latter stages of suture maturation, reducing undesired dental effects related to these procedures in adolescents and adults.15,39
Looking at the co-occurrence maps, another recurrent word was palate, which is often selected as an extra-alveolar site for TAD insertion because of excellent bone quality and less possibility of root damage to the adjacent teeth. Considering the keratinized soft tissue and sufficient cortical bone, TAD placement in the paramedian palatal area has been recommended. However, it was reported that there was thinner bone in the early mixed dentition, compared with the late mixed and permanent dentition groups.20
Limitations
This study was not free from limitations. First, even if the number of total citations is an important indicator of the quality and attractiveness of an article, a certain amount of time is needed for a paper to accumulate citations. Therefore, using only the number of citations is not sufficient to determine the value of a paper. Indeed, high-quality but more recent articles may not have been identified. Second, there may have been a bias related to the presence of self-citations and the potential preference of some authors to cite articles from a specific journal. Third, the articles were identified only from Scopus. Last, the total citations of an article could have been affected by the journal level, and an article published in a journal with a high impact factor may have been more likely to receive more citations.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, findings of this bibliometric study showed an increasing number of citations for papers on TADs, highlighting an increasing interest in scientific research in the past decade on this topic in orthodontics.
Among the 50 most cited articles on TADs, 10 were systematic reviews, of which 6 had meta-analyses.
Starting from the analysis of the most cited articles on TADs in this field, researchers might improve the clinical research on this orthodontic device.
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